Providing a dynamic method to monitor water storage in the Yellow River Basin and obtaining spatial and temporal conclusions on real-time water storage changes is of great significance to the ecological protection and social development of the basin. In this study， we adopted GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite data and meteorological station data from 2002 to 2020 in the Yellow River basin， reconstructed the missing data through multi-layer perceptual neural network. We analysed the characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau region， the Loess Plateau region， and the downstream region by combining the differences in water resources recharge， and human activities under different climatic environments. We further united the basin as a whole， and obtained the sub-districts and basin overall temporal and spatial patterns of change of terrestrial water reserves and temporal patterns of change of climate elements， and then analysed the influencing factors. The results showed as follows：①The overall land water reserves in the Yellow River Basin showed a downward trend， while the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showed an upward trend， and the driving forces of regional water reserves were different.②There is a seasonal variation of land water reserves in different regions. There is a lag of 2~3 months between peak annual precipitation and peak annual water storage in the Loess Plateau region and downstream region， but not in the Tibetan Plateau region.