Light Scattering Spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which relates the scattering spectral properties of tiny particles to their size, refractive index and shape. LSS allowing real-time, non-invasive probing of cell nuclei and organelle structures and enables obtain the characterization of biological tissue structures at the cellular and subcellular scales. When biological tissues illuminated by a light source, it can produce scattered light with different angular and polarization characteristics due to its’ structural specificity, so the information about the macroscopic and microscopic structures of tissues can be obtained. This technique has been intensively studied in related fields and extended to the detection of cancer cells. First, we introduce the basic principles of LSS technology, then a detail description of the research and application of this technology in early cancer diagnosis is discussed. Finally, we summarize the advantages of LSS technology and outlooks its future development.