Myopia is one of the most common eye disease, which not only significantly affects the life of young people, but may also lead to serious consequences such as vision loss, macular degeneration and even blindness. At present, the etiology of myopia in adolescents was not yet clear, but genetics and environment were recognized as the two main causative factors. Behavioral factors, such as excessive use of electronic screens and incorrect reading habits, had also been shown to be closely associated with the rising incidence of myopia. This work systematically compiled the pathogenesis of adolescent myopia and the progress of therapeutics research, aiming to provide scientific basis and theoretical support for reducing the incidence of myopia in adolescents and optimizing clinical treatment protocols.