To generate an electric field distribution that perfectly matches a parabola and enable a more ideal phase distribution in the liquid crystal (LC) lens, an electrode structure was designed. First, the electrode structure was designed based on the resistance law and Ohm’s law. The influence of the electrode line length on the LC lens was discussed. Electric field simulations of the electrode structure were conducted, and four groups of LC lenses with different electrode line lengths and a 50 μm-thick LC layer were fabricated. Next, the wavefront patterns and oblique fringes of the LC lenses were acquired using the polarization interference method. One-dimensional phase information of the wavefront patterns was collected, and the spherical aberration was calculated from the oblique fringes. The variation of the lens power with the electric field was also determined. Finally, the response time of the lens was measured, and imaging experiments were performed on the lens. The experimental results show that: the acquired lens phase information fits the parabola with a degree of fit greater than 99.5%, which can better achieve the parabolic phase distribution required for liquid crystal lenses. Within the power range of -3.74 D to +3.86 D, the spherical aberration of the LC lens is less than 0.05λ, demonstrating a good lensing effect.