In order to achieve fast and accurate location of single-phase disconnection fault on transmission lines, shorten the power recovery time, a new fault location method based on optical polarization of OPGW optical sensing is proposed. According to the principle of Faraday magneto-optical effect, the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) is used as a sensor to capture and analyze the abrupt signal of the induced current generated by the phase conductor to the overhead ground wire before and after the single- phase wire breakage fault. The location of single-phase disconnection fault is realized. The experiment in the experimental environment is simulated to verify it. The results show that within a given current range, the current intensity obtained by the device is positively correlated with magnitude of the current, the device can effectively capture the abrupt signal at the moment of power failure, and the location result error is within ±250 m, which meets the requirement of engineering design.