The structure function gradient lattice model exhibits superior compression and energy absorption properties, making it a popular choice in machinery, vehicles, aerospace, and other industries. Inspired by the geometry of butterfly wing and combined with rhombohedral regular dodecahedral monocytes, novel module is proposed in this study. Through parametric modeling, the monocytes are configured into lattice structures with uniform rod diameters, and gradient lattice structures are developed for comparative analysis. Utilizing photo-curing additive manufacturing with photosensitive resin, the structures are fabricated. Based on quasi-static compression experiments, the compression and energy absorption properties of the two lattice structures are investigated. The results show that both structures are densified by layer by layer collapse, but the crack propagation direction is opposite. The strain energy per unit volume of the two structures increases with the increase of rod diameter and geometric shape parameters. Notably, the gradient lattice structure demonstrates enhanced specific energy absorption while utilizing less material compared to the uniform lattice structure of the same size.