The nanosecond pulsed fiber laser was used for laser cleaning of contaminants on the surface of copper row chain of tobacco wire cutting machine. The effects of laser energy density, number of scans, spot lap rate and pulse width on the cleaning effect and surface morphology were studied, and the surface roughness, elemental content, Vickers hardness and wettability of the material before and after laser cleaning were measured and analyzed. The experimental results show that laser elastic vibration stripping and thermal expansion effect are the main mechanisms to remove contaminants on the surface of copper chains. The surface contaminants were cleaned under laser parameters with a pulse width of 30 ns, a repetition frequency of 20 kHz, an energy density of 2.66 J/cm2, a lap rate of 65% and a single scan, and the surface roughness of the cleaned material was 2.5 μm, and the surface elemental C and O contents decreased from 46.99% and 31.76% to 14.44% and 4.38%, respectively, while the Cu content increased from 8.41% to 54.37%. By using the above-mentioned laser process parameters, the surface contaminants can be effectively removed without damaging the copper row chain matrix and their resistance to oil adhesion can be improved without reducing the surface hardness.