The parameters of dusty plasma are important factors affecting the electromagnetic characteristics of dusty plasma, and the measurement of microwave attenuation coefficient in dusty plasma is the key link in the inversion of dusty plasma parameters. In this paper, the principle of microwave attenuation measurement was introduced, and the process and necessary setting of microwave attenuation measurement by the measurement system composed of dust plasma generation device, vector network analyzer, broadband horn antenna and so on were stated. The influence of environmental substrate, the interference of reflected signal, the parameter setting of equipment and the experimental data processing on the measurement results were explained and preliminarily solved. The possible errors were discussed, which provides a reference for improving the microwave attenuation measurement method of dust plasma.