Liquid lens is an optical device with lens function formed by liquid filling, which changes the curvature of the liquid surface through electronic control drive, pressure drive and other methods, thereby changing its focal length. As an emerging photonic device, liquid lenses have unique advantages such as strong tunability, fast response speed, miniaturization, and low power consumption, providing a solution for designing high-performance microscopy imaging systems. This article provides an overview of the typical technologies and application progress of liquid lenses in microscopy imaging systems. Starting from three aspects—continuous zoom, adjustable depth of field, and miniaturization, it introduces the characteristics and advantages of liquid-lens-based microscopy imaging systems, analyzes the limitations and current solutions of liquid lens applications in microscopy imaging systems, and finally summarizes the application of liquid lenses in microscopy imaging systems.