First, the thiol modification of Au nanoparticles was carried out, then two grade modification was carried out with sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide(CTAB), and its self assembly load on grapheme nano blanket(GNSs). The successful loading of Au nanoparticles on grapheme sheets(GNSs) was demonstrated by UV Vis absorption spectra. The microstructure was proved by transmission electron microscopy. It showed that the Au nanoparticles were arranged in the grapheme nano blanket, because of its structure of grapheme nano blanket. The nonlinear optical limiting properties of grapheme nano particles with load Au nanoparticles were studied by using the Z-scanning technique. The resuls show that the threshold of optical limiting threshold is significantly decreased. The optical limiting characteristic is produced while in the low incident energy, and the nonlinear scattering enhancement is found when the incident light intensity increases. So nonlinear scattering is an important mechanism of nonlinear optical limiting effect in composite systems.