In this paper, a high dynamic range ROIC for short-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays are presented. A capacitive transimpedance amplifier structure is used for the input stage. By time-multiplexing the pixel op-amps in the odd-even rows as comparators, the conversion gain of each pixel can be individuallyswitched and adaptivelyadjusted according to the background radiation, and the modules such as integrating capacitors, sample-and-hold circuits, and source followers in the pixels are shared by the odd-even pixels to save the area and improve the freedom of pixel design. This structure increases the full-well capacity, reduces the equivalent noise charge number, and improves the dynamic range without increasing the pixel area. The pixel array size of the readout circuit is 64×64 with a pixel pitch of 30 μm, and the simulation results show that the readout circuit has a noise charge of 57.8 e^-, a full-well capacity of 12.5 Me^-, a dynamic range of 106 dB, and a readout rate up to 10 MHz.