Accurate and rapid diagnosis of parasitic infection is of significant importance in preventing the spread of parasitic diseases that cause millions of deaths worldwide. However, the lack of conventional microscope in low- and middle-income countries is one of the obstacles in effective control of parasitic diseases, which results in the rising demand for low-cost diagnostic devices. Smartphone-based microscope is a low-cost alternative to expensive conventional microscope because smartphone can capture and process images and so on. In this review, we summarize recent 15 years development of smartphone-based microscopy, applied in specific for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases, and classify researchers' work based on optical design. We also discuss strengths and challenges and offers considerations for a way forward in implementation of smartphone-based microscope in future.