Based on the dual closed-loop control strategy of binocular vision and ultraviolet radiation feedback, a low-power intelligent laser rust removal system is designed. The binocular camera is used to shoot the workpiece, and the computer obtains the three-dimensional coordinate information of the rust area, and identifies the rust area based on the HSV color space conversion method. The distance between the laser light outlet and the rust surface is adjusted according to the three-dimensional coordinate information to avoid underablation. During low-power laser rust removal, a wide bandgap semiconductor photoelectric sensor detects the UV component of plasma, enabling real-time laser adjustment to avoid overablation. The dual closed-loop strategy is used to control the laser to remove rust in a reasonable ablation range. The results show that adaptive rust removal can be achieved for workpieces with uneven thickness and density of rust layer. The low-power laser rust removal system can avoid uneven rust removal and workpiece damage, and achieve precise rust removal.