Shanxi Province is one of the most important ecologically fragile areas in China. Scientific assessment of ecological vulnerability and its driving forces is an important basis for formulating ecological protection and improving ecological environment. However， previous studies on ecological vulnerability in Shanxi Province were often based on administrative boundaries， and there was nearly no grid scale to study the different characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability of Shanxi Province. In this paper， remote sensing and GIS technique were used to evaluate the different characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2019， combined with PSR model， Spatial Principal Component Analysis method and Geographically Weighted Regression method. The results show that the main ecological vulnerability of Shanxi Province is moderate， the ecological vulnerability of the central basin and the western loess Plateau of Shanxi is very poor， and the ecological vulnerability of the "Duo-shape" mountains is better. Considering the distribution of ecological vulnerability of different land cover， grassland， water area and cultivated land are dominated by moderate ecological vulnerability， forest land is mainly covered by mild ecological vulnerability， and construction land and unused land are most influenced by severe ecological vulnerability. The overall migration of ecological vulnerability gravity center is going to the south. The order of influencing factors on ecological vulnerability are population density>GDP>biodiversity abundance>NDVI>SHDI> aspect， respectively. According to the distribution and change characteristics of ecological vulnerability， Shanxi Province is divided into Core areas of ecological protection， ecological comprehensive concern areas， ecological optimal-concern areas， ecological restoration management areas， and ecological potential management areas， and the corresponding strategies are optimized for protection ecological vulnerability.