High-quality Gd3+/Yb3+ co-doped yttrium aluminate crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The crystal structure, segregation coefficient, spectrum and laser performance were characterized. The results show that the grown crystal space group is Pnma, which belongs to the orthorhombic system, and the segregation coefficient of Yb3+ is 1.13. According to the polarization absorption and fluorescence spectra, it is found that the absorption cross section of the crystal at 980 nm is 2.14×10-20 cm2 in the b polarization direction, which is suitable for InGaAs laser diode pumping. At the same time, the emission cross section at 1 044 nm is 0.39×10-20 cm2and the fluorescence lifetime is 1.638 ms. In addition, a laser experiment was performed on the Gd/Yb∶YAP crystal in the b tangential direction, and the continuous laser output achieves at 1 μm, the slope efficiency is 23.5%, and the maximum output power reaches 0.51 W.