Considering that the aperture of a monoblock telescope is limited in size, to build an aperture telescope that is greater than ten meters, the technology of segmented mirrors should be used. Therefore, the co-phasing detection technology of segmented mirrors has become the key technology in the segmented process and in maintaining the mirror quality. To solve the problem that the broadband method demands a long time consuming and the narrowband method has a small range in the most widely accepted broadband and narrowband shack Hartmann method, a new method is proposed combining the incoherent and coherent diffraction patterns of broadband light (400-700 nm) to realize coarse co-phasing of 250 nm precision and fine co-phasing of 10 nm precision. When a segmented mirror is coarse co-phasing, the incoherent diffraction pattern of two hale circular holes is used as a template and white light is used as the light source. The cross-correlation algorithm is used to calculate the value of cross-correlation coefficient, and then it can achieve the unlimited range and a detection precision of 0.25 μm by setting a reasonable threshold value for the cross-correlation coefficient. When segmented mirror is fine co-phasing, a disk pattern of white light instead of multiple coherent diffraction patterns with different piston errors is used as a template to achieve a range of 0.27 μm and a detection precision of 0.01 μm. The theoretical and simulation results show that the detection range is the range of actuator and the measurement accuracy is less than 10 nm. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation show that this method is suitable for the detection of a coarse and fine co-phasing of segmented mirror.