A 1 060 nm fiber laser marking machine was used to mark the square on the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy, and the effects of scanning speed, filling interval, laser average power and other process parameters on the laser marking quality of aluminum alloy are studied. Three factors and a 5-level orthogonal experiment were designed to study the effect of laser process parameters on the quality of the laser marking. The color difference and surface roughness of laser marking were evaluated by colorimeter and ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope. Results show that the overlap rate of scanning track and beam spot have more obvious influence on the color difference of laser marking, and the energy and heat of materials receiving laser have more obvious influence on the roughness of laser marking. The optimized parameter combination after orthogonal optimization was: the scanning speed of 644 mm/s, the filling interval of 0.028 mm and the laser power of 15 W. The optimized marking has a surface roughness of 1.5 μm and a color difference of 9.41 NBS.