A mathematical model for structure light measurement was established based on the inspecting principle of coded structure light, and the optimal system configuration parameters were obtained. The interrelationship between model parameters and their errors was investigated. Based on the system geometry structure, the computing model of depth information was established. By analyzing the influence of system parameters on the pattern imaging, the dynamic deformation of pattern images were captured under different measurement conditions,and the geometry relationship of image coordinate changing with the depth was determined. By analyzing the system parameters and depth information errors, system integration constraint condition was observed,and the optimal system figuration was established. Experimental results show that the system relative error established with optimal parameters is about 0.3%, which can meet the high-precision measurement requirement of 3D reconstruction of coded structure light.