With the development of deep space exploration, satellite navigation and other fields, such as satellite communication networks based on laser communication and high-precision positioning based on laser ranging have achieved a large number of application results. Combining laser communication with laser distance measurement to achieve the integration of communication and ranging has become a research hotspot in the field. In this paper, the development status of laser communication and ranging integration at home and abroad is introduced, and then a design scheme of laser communication and ranging integration system with space debris detection capability is proposed in the light of the current situation in China. In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme, the original 1-meter laser communication telescope system in Changchun Station is modified to increase the ranging capability of space debris targets, and the measured data show that the effective data accuracy is better than 1 m at the highest. Finally, the future development direction of integrated laser communication and ranging system is prospected, aiming to provide ideas for further promoting the development of integrated laser communication and ranging system.