During the transmission of femtosecond laser pulses, a long-distance self-guided light channel is formed because of the interaction between Kerr self-focusing and plasma defocusing. This process is called femtosecond laser filamentation. The fluorescence radiation induced by femtosecond laser filamentation in flames provides new possibility for combustion diagnosis. It provides useful information for understanding combustion process, improving combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant generation. Aiming at the application of femtosecond laser filamentation-induced fluorescence radiation in combustion diagnosis, the propagation characteristics and filamentation dynamics of femtosecond laser in flame are introduced. The mechanism of femtosecond laser filamentation-induced non-linear spectroscopy and its application in diagnosis of high temperature combustion field are summarized. The challenges and application prospects of femtosecond laser filamentation in this field are also discussed.