［Objective］With the development of metro shield tunnel construction technology, large-diameter shield tunnel projects are gradually increasing. There are special geological conditions and tunnel structure for large-diameter metro shield tunnel in soft soil layer, thus it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on its bearing capacity.［Method］Based on the large-diameter shield tunnel project of Bainikeng Station to Dayun Station interval on Shenda (Shenzhen Airport to Daya Bay) Intercity Railway, the bearing capacity and damage evolution law of tunnel segment lining are revealed through refined modeling and analysis, and the bearing performance differences of tunnels with different diameters are clarified. Combined with field monitoring, the rationality of numerical study is demonstrated.［Result & Conclusion］With the increase of load, the lining structure experienced arch cracking, 2.0 mm arch bottom joint opening, over 0.2 mm arch waist outer crack width, arch bottom joint outer concrete yield, arch bottom bolt tensile yield and other key damage behaviors. The bearing process of large-diameter shield tunnel can be divided into four stages: elastic stress stage (the convergence deformation δ reaches 0 to <2.0‰D, D as the tunnel outer diameter), slight damage stage (δ reaches 2.0‰D to <5.6‰D), rapid damage development stage (δ reaches 5.6‰D to 9.4‰D), and near failure stage (δ reaches 9.4‰D or more). Among them, the structure bearing state in elastic stage is good, the structure durability in slight damage stage is reduced, but the bearing safety is still good. So it is necessary to repair the structure in the rapid damage development stage.