In this paper, through the life cycle assessment method, combined with the experimental mix proportion, the actual measured consumption and emission data of the cement plant and the data of the China life cycle database, the incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) is used to replace part of the raw material for clinker production and as a mixture for cement production. The assessment of integrated environmental load indicator and the coupling evaluation of environmental impact and compressive strength were carried out. The results show that as the dosage of ISSA replacing raw materials increases, the global warming potential (GWP) of clinker gradually decreases, and the consumption of abiotic depletion potential gradually increases. At the ISSA dosage of 3.6% (mass fraction, the same below), the integrated environmental load indicator of clinker decreases by 1.05% compared with cement plant clinker; at the ISSA dosage of 3.0%, clinker has the lowest integrated environmental load indicator of unit compressive strength. As the dosage of ISSA as a mixed material increases, the integrated environmental load indicator of cement significantly reduces, and the reduction of GWP is the highest. When the ISSA dosage reaches 30.0%, the integrated environmental load indicator of cement declines by 29.41%. When the ISSA dosage is within 20.0%, cement shows the relatively optimal integrated environmental load indicator of unit compressive strength.