To identify the cause of failure of a certain fastener structure during random vibration experiments, the time domain method of random vibration is adopted to analyze the dynamic response characteristics under the action of vibration loads. Based on the transient dynamics calculation results, the stress response values of key points are extracted and compared with the experimental results to verify the correctness of the analysis method. According to the stress and deformation results of the fastener structure under the preload, it can be known that the uneven stiffness distribution leads to unreasonable overall force. After integrating the pad and the bracket into a whole and removing the rubber pad, the semi-circular hoop of the fastener structure is subjected to uniform tensile force, and the average stress level and amplitude are much smaller than those before the improvement.