The incidence of comorbidity between common mental illnesses, which include anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), social anxiety and mood disorders, physical illnesses (especially myopia), and so on in children and adolescents has increased significantly in recent years. By systematically analyzing the impact of modern lifestyle factors (including excessive use of electronic products, insufficient exercise, disrupted sleep rhythms, and unbalanced dietary structures) on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, this study explored the association mechanisms between the characteristics of physical and mental comorbidity and lifestyle, as well as prevention and control strategies. The results showed that comprehensive intervention measures need to be adopted, including scientific management of electronic product use, regular physical activities, standardized sleep behaviors, and guidance on balanced diets, so as to construct a multi-level prevention system and promote the coordinated development of physical and mental health in children and adolescents.