The sample is dissolved in hydrochloric acid-nitric acid (3+1) mixed acid, and the content of cadmium and chromium in fertilizer is simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the mass concentration of cadmium has a linear relationship (r>0.999) with the corresponding emission spectral intensity in the range of 0.05-0.80 μg/mL, with detection limit and quantification limit of 0.203 and 0.678 μg/L, respectively. The mass concentration of chromium is linearly related to the corresponding emission spectral intensity in the range of 0.50-4.00 μg/mL (r>0.999), with detection limit and quantification limit of 0.250 and 0.833 μg/L, respectively. The spiked recovery rate of the two elements are 96.0% and 99.2% and the relative standard deviations of 1.7% and 2.0%, respectively. Compared to atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-AES method has advantages in accuracy, detection efficiency, and safety, which can provide reliable technical support for the rapid detection of heavy metal content in fertilizer.