With the rapid development of internet, internet of things, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, human society has entered the age of Big Data. In the face of such a large amount of data, how to store it safely and reliably, green and energy-saving, long life and low cost has become an important issue. Traditional optical storage technology has been unable to meet the practical requirements, and needs to be modified and upgraded, or even developed a new generation of storage technology. So far, a variety of prototypes based on the optical storage principle have been successfully developed and applied in engineering. The optical storage technology has been improved continuously and is being applied and used gradually. This paper first briefly introduces the development history of optical storage technology, and then lists eight types of optical storage technologies with industrial prospects in detail, summarizes their principles and development status, and discusses their technical features and prospects as Big Data storage media. Finally, the future development trend of optical storage technology is prospected in order to provide technical reference for the development of optical storage technology in the era of Big Data.