A method of image motion compensation based on Fast Steering Mirrors (FSM) is proposed to solve the problem of image motion in aeronautical imaging. Firstly, the necessity of image motion compensation is proven by calculating the image motion velocity of the aeronautical camera in exposure time. Then, a model reference adaptive controller is designed to solve uncertainties in the servo model of an FSM. The experimental results indicate that the stable time of step response is reduced by more than 50% comparing with traditional methods. The stability accuracy of the FSM can reach 10 μrad even under vibration condition, which means the accuracy of this method is 10 times better than that of traditional methods. A final image motion compensation imaging experiment proves that our image motion compensation scheme based on an FSM has high value in engineering applications.