Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 52, Issue 2, 0212004(2025)
Miniaturized VLF Antenna Utilizing Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers in Diamond for Vector Signal Detection
Very low frequency (VLF) refers to radio frequencies within the range of
This study developed a diamond NV center vector magnetometer comprising three main components: (1) an optical system for laser emission and fluorescence collection from the NV centers, paired with a data processing system; (2) a microwave system to provide modulated microwaves required for demodulation; and (3) an emission system for transmitting test signals. Using this configuration, the vector magnetometer detected fluorescence signals from the NV centers excited by a 532 nm laser in conjunction with continuous wave microwave modulation, enabling the detection of 10 kHz VLF radio waves.
The magnetometer was used to receive and decode minimum shift keying (MSK) modulated signals in the VLF band to validate the demodulation capability of typical VLF signals. The original binary signals were recovered through a series of steps, including mixing, low-pass filtering, and sampled quantizer encoding. To further analyze the vector characteristics of the antenna, a coil emitting the test signal was rotated around the diamond NV center. This approach enabled the measurement of the response of the antenna to the vector information of the VLF signals and facilitated the plotting of the radiation patterns of the antenna.
The signals received by the diamond NV center magnetometer are successfully demodulated and decoded into their original binary form using a process that involves mixing, low-pass filtering, and sampled quantizer encoding (Fig. 4). Experimental results reveal that when the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field coupled to the NV center exceeds 17 μT, the bit error rate (BER) remains below 1%. When the amplitude reaches
The performance of the antenna can be characterized by its noise power spectral density and dynamic range. At 10 kHz, the noise power spectral densities for the four NV axes (NV1, NV2, NV3, and NV4) are
In this study, we designed an NV center magnetometer with a significantly reduced antenna volume compared to traditional coils. Under
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Dingyuan Fu, An Ye, Yutong Tang, Xiaolin Li, Yueping Niu, Shangqing Gong. Miniaturized VLF Antenna Utilizing Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers in Diamond for Vector Signal Detection[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2025, 52(2): 0212004
Category: quantum optics
Received: Apr. 26, 2024
Accepted: Jun. 20, 2024
Published Online: Jan. 17, 2025
The Author Email: Li Xiaolin (xiaolinli@ecust.edu.cn)
CSTR:32183.14.CJL240814