In response to the increasingly advanced infrared detection, reconnaissance and precision strike technology, and to effectively enhance the battlefield survivability of personnel and equipment, the fiber impregnation molding method is explored in this paper. TMOS is selected as the silicon source, aqua ammoniae is used as the alkali catalyst, and methylsilicochloro form and n-Hexane are employed for hydrophobic treatment. Hydrophobic SiO₂ aerogel composite insulation felts are prepared using an atmospheric pressure drying process, and their performance indicators, including microstructure, thermal insulation performance, hydrophobic properties, infrared spectroscopy and other performance indexes are characterized and studied. In the background of Gobi desert and an urban green space, comparative experiments are conducted using different materials such as camouflage nets and thermal insulation sheets alongside the hydrophobic SiO₂ aerogel composite thermal insulation felts to verify their infrared stealth performance. The results show that the thermal insulation performance of hydrophobic SiO₂ aerogel composite thermal insulation felt is significantly superior to that of materials like camouflage nets, thermal insulation sheets and other materials, and its thermal insulation performance gradually improves with an increase in the thickness, at the same time, it exhibits good hydrophobic performance, meeting the requirements of field environment.