Tellurate luminescent glass doped Er3+ is prepared with TeO2, ZnO, La2O3 as matrices. Judd-Ofelt(J-O) theory is applied to calculate the three spectral intensity parameters, and the transition radiation lifetime, fluorescence branching ratio and integral emission cross section in each energy level of erbium ion atom configuration. It is found that the integral emission cross section is larger (greater than 10-18 cm), which shows good laser emission characteristics. Based on the abundance of 4f energy levels in rare earth ions, the possibility of energy levels cross relaxation between Er3+ ions is analyzed. Its application foreground in up-conversion and quantum cutting is also pointed out. It provides experimental basis and theoretical reference for further application on the single or multiply doped rare earth ions in tellurate glass.

Cuttings logging is a direct identification of stratigraphic lithology and oil content. The proper description of lithology plays an important role in cuttings logging. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of seven elements including Mg, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na and K are selected as the analysis lines, and the four kinds of cuttings lithology of marlite, mudstone, shale and sandstone are identified combining with three chemometric methods including principal component analysis (PCA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), supervised Kohonen networks (SKNs). The average correct recognition rates of SKNs and SIMCA models are 93.75% and 78.75%, respectively. Results show that the combination of LIBS technology, PCA and nonlinear SKNs methods can realize the effective lithology identification of cuttings having similar physical properties and chemical composition.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy system uses He-Ne laser interference signal as a reference signal, but there is zero crossing sampling error. Based on the principle of light interference, a theoretical simulation model between FTIR spectroscopy sampling error and spectral ghost line position and intensity is established by Fourier transform. In order to reduce the sampling error, the cubic spline interpolation method is used to correct zero crossing error, and intensity of infrared optical interference signal is reconstructed by linear interpolation method. Results show that the model can be used as a theoretical basis for spectral error correction algorithm caused by sampling error. The cubic spline interpolation method can reduce the sampling error on reconstruction of He-Ne signal zero-crossing, and the error range is reduced by 93%. The linear interpolation method is applied to reconstruction of the infrared light intensity signal, which can improve the spectral signal-to-noise ratio, with an average increase of 5.7%.

A portable ground test platform based on USB2.0 interface including PC software and a USB communication adapter is designed to simulate data communications between satellite platform and satellite-borne spectrometer. The upper computer software offers a human-computer interaction interface. The adapter completes communications between low voltage differential signal (LVDS) data including image transfer data and manage data of satellite-borne spectrometer and USB interface. Experimental results indicate that the designed platform can convert the LVDS image data of spectrometer to USB interface data, and simulate the satellite platform data. It can be used for spectrometer debugging and test. The measured rate of communication adapter USB2.0 interface can reach 230 Mbps, and it can be used as a module to interface commercial spectrometer.

The traditional fuzzy clustering algorithm (FCM) has the problem of uncertain initial cluster centers, and the gray and spatial information between pixels is not fully considered in image segmentation. In order to solve the above problem, a new fuzzy clustering image segmentation algorithm is proposed based on new distance matrix variance. The pixels are used to generate an improved new distance matrix, and the initial cluster center is selected according to characteristics of the new distance matrix. The number of cluster categories is determined combined with the variance, and part of noise is eliminated. The effectiveness determination is carried out on clustering result, and the best segmentation results are determined. Compared with the contrast algorithms, the average accuracy of proposed algorithm is increased by 4.55%. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the average accuracy of image segmentation, and has a better effect on noise treatment.

A multi-frequency time-division multiplexing tapered laser amplification control system is developed. By controlling the output frequency and working time sequence of seed laser, the system can realize laser amplification in three different modes including high isolation single frequency, proportion adjustable dual-frequencies, and composite multi-frequency modulation. Optical characteristics of the control system are investigated experimentally. Results show that extinction ratio between the output linear polarization laser beam is 30 dB, and the switching time between different working modes is 100 ns. The proposed system can improve the utilization efficiency of lasers, which is suitable for the fields with higher requirements for output power and integration of laser, such as atom interferometer based precision measurement physics and atom interferometer application technology.

248 nm KrF excimer laser is the preferred choice for writing fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A miniaturized KrF excimer laser is developed according to the requirements of FBG writing, and the mechanical structure design and improvement are also carried out. The output laser energy and efficiency dependent on the charging voltage, discharge capacitance, components of mixed gas and gas pressure in storage cavity are investigated experimentally. The laser’s performance is optimized. The output repetition rate reaches 200 Hz, and the single-pulse output energy is up to 16 mJ. The energy instability is less than 2%, and the near-field spot dimensions are 6 mm×3 mm near the output window. The maximal output efficiency is 1.24%. The experiment to write FBG by using phase-mask method is carried out using the laser with good results.

Temperature of 87Rb atoms can be cooled below Doppler cooling limit by using the decompressed magneto-optical trap (DCMOT) technique. Cold atoms of 87Rb are trapped in magneto-optical trap (MOT), and the temperature of cold atoms is further lowered by decreasing the magnetic field gradient and repumping light power, increasing the detuning of cooling light. The optimal experimental parameters are obtained by investigating the relationship between atomic density after free flight and the magnetic field gradient, power of repumping light and detuning of cooling light. The atom temperature measured after DCMOT is 129 μK, which is lower than Doppler cooling limit temperature of 87Rb atom (144 μK). The low temperature cold atoms are loaded directly into the magnetic trap with a loading efficiency of 25%.

In order to investigate the influence of magnetic field on quantum dynamics of a three-level trapped ion, the Jaynes-Cummings model of a single three-level trapped ion in magneto-optical field is solved exactly. The mean vibrational quantum number of the trapped ions and squeezing effect of ion vibrational state are numerically analyzed. Results show that time evolution of the mean vibrational quantum number displays the collapse-revival characteristics which is similar to those in two-level Jaynes-Cummings model, and the stronger the magnetic field is, the longer the revival period will be. In the case of strong magnetic field coupling, the magnetic field can significantly enhance squeezing effect of ion vibration state. The maximum amplitude squeezing can be observed when the ions are initially excited in the superposition state.

Considering the security and efficiency, an efficient controlled quantum secure direct communication(CQSDC) protocol based on GHZ-like state is proposed. In this protocol, the receiver can recover the sender’s secret message under the permission of the controller. The proposed proctocol is secure and efficient. Results show that the eavesdropping and CNOT attack detection in preliminary stage can ensure the security of GHZ-like state sharing. Controlling operations by using messages can reduce the use of quantum states, and thus the efficiency is improved. The legal states of the receiver is the two of four Bell states. If there exists CNOT attack, illegal Bell states would appear, which enables the receiver to detect CNOT attack in secret direct communication phase. Effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved by comparison.

In order to enhance light absorption efficiency of graphene, a one-dimensional photonic crystal with graphene-based defect is proposed. Absorption characteristics of the structure are theoretically calculated and numerically simulated in the range from 500 nm to 1000 nm based on transfer matrix method (TMM). Dependence of absorption characteristics on period number of photonic crystal behind the defect layer, number of graphene layers, incident angle and thickness of matching layers is analyzed. Results show that the micro-cavity structure is formed after introducing graphene defects in one-dimensional photonic crystal, which causes the localization of light, and absorption of graphene is significantly improved to 100% from the visible to near-infrared bands. The visible and near-infrared absorption of graphene can be controlled by changing parameters of photonic crystal and thickness of defect layers. The absorption peak appears red-shift with the increasing of defect layer thickness.

A novel photonic crystal fiber with high negative dispersion is proposed. The fiber core is formed by three air columns, and three air-holes with different diameters are arranged in hexagonal lattice cladding. The dispersion, mode field, nonlinearity, leakage loss and birefringence are numerically calculated based on full vector finite element method combining with anisotropic perfectly matched layers boundary condition. Results show that when the fiber structure parameters Λ,d,d1,d2 are 1.15, 0.88, 0.83, 1.14 μm, respectively, the fiber exhibits high negative dispersion in low-loss communication window C band. The negative dispersion, birefringence, leakage loss and nonlinear coefficient values are -11660 ps·km-1·nm-1,2.03×10-3,10-3 dB·km-1, 7.33 km-1·W-1 at 1.55 μm, respectively. It is shown that the optical fiber has high negative dispersion, low loss, high birefringence, low nonlinearity and good dispersion compensation ability in C band of low loss communication window, and it is expected to be used in optical communication system.

Laser spot centroid locating is the key of ground-based calibration of spaceborne laser altimeter’s pointing angle. Definition of the ground spot centroid is introduced based on far-field distribution of laser spot. The flexibility, advantages and disadvantages of Gauss surface fitting algorithm, intensity centroid localization algorithm and square weighted centroid localization algorithm are analyzed from the aspects of positioning accuracy, anti-interference ability, and computation cost. The modeling and centroid calculation of ground-based spot are carried out, and the application characteristics of each centroid localization algorithm are analyzed and compared. Results show that the laser spot locating by the three algorithms are consistent, and the square weighted centroid localization algorithm is most suitable for the field calibration data processing.

Doppler lidar has the characteristics of high precision and high spatial-temporal resolution in the detection of clear-air atmospheric wind field. The on-board incoherent Doppler lidar from CMA meteorological center is based on hyperspectral technique, which can detect atmospheric wind profile, horizontal and fan-shaped wind field. From March to April, 2011, synchronous contrast observation is carried out with the lidar and L-band radiosonde at the Southern Suburb Observation Station of Beijing. Fifty sets of comparable wind profile data with an average effective detection height of 6038 m are obtained. In the case of better visibility, the effective detection range is up to 10 km. A total of 30240 pairs of wind speed and wind direction contrast statistical points are obtained, and the correlation coefficient of wind speed is 0.82. The system difference and standard deviation are 0.586 m, 5.38 m/s, respectively. The correlation coefficient of wind direction is 0.94, the system difference is 5.93° and difference between the labels is 37.98°, the consistency between them is better. According to the layer of 1000 m, the wind speed and wind direction correlation coefficient, system difference and standard deviation of each layer are displayed below 5 km. Results show that the consistency of the laser radar detection wind profile and that of L band sounding radar during 1000～2000 m is the best, and the causes are analyzed. For incoherent Doppler lidar, the detection data accuracy is affected by both the signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal and rapid change at low-level aerosol.

Based on the equivalent medium theory, an oblique-layer composite structure is designed by using the controllable electromagnetic properties of novel artificial electromagnetic materials. The structure is applied to wave-absorbing materials and the sensitive problem of incident angle can be solved effectively. The structure can be realized by the common material stack, and a special case with Ag-Na3AlF6 nano structure is given. Full wave simulation is carried out at 365 nm to verify its correctness and effectiveness. Further simulation is made on the applicable frequency band of the wave-absorbing materials. Results show that the structure can achieve a good absorbing function to the electromagnetic wave in optical frequency band.

Based on double solar diffusers on-board calibration system, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) attenuation monitoring model of calibration diffuser is established, and the structure design of solar attenuation screen for attenuating the incident sunlight flux is introduced. The attenuation screen transmittance is one of the key parameters that affect on-board calibration accuracy, and it need to be measured accurately before launch. It is measured repeatedly with the attenuation screen transmittance measurement system. Results show that the attenuation screen transmittance is 13.8% within the test angle range, and the test uncertainty is better than 0.54% (K is 2), which satisfies the requirements of on-board calibration. Test results can be used to establish the ground database, and it can provide data support for the later satellite calibration, which is of great significance to ensure the long-term on-board calibration accuracy.

A modeling method of deep dielectric charging in local grounding and heat transfer mode is proposed. Commonly used polyimide materials are selected to simulate irradiation of high energy charged particles in space, and deep charging characteristics of dielectric in local grounding and heat transfer are investigated. Simulation results show that when the temperature ranges from 183.15 K to 363.15 K, the peak electric potential is influenced by the diameter and temperature of the grounding plate. When the temperature ranges from 183.15 K to 273.15 K, the peak field strength is largely influenced by the diameter and temperature of the grounding plate. When the temperature ranges from 273.15 K to 363.15 K, the peak field strength is less influenced by the diameter and temperature of the grounding plate, but there is still discharge risk, and the field strength peak is close to or even more than 106 V/m. Simulation results can provide a reference for the reasonable layout of the thermal control materials and thermal protection and charging protection of solar cell array glass cover sheet.

Single mode polarization-maintaining fibers are widely used for its excellent polarization-maintaining property. In the field of precision measurement of cold atoms, in order to realize the reasonable distribution of laser power, lasers are guided with fibers into different experiment platforms in the process of optical path building. Poor laser polarization matching at the fiber incident end can cause severe jitter of output laser power. Taking the 397 nm laser as an example, it’s introduced how to match the polarization direction of linearly polarized laser in space with the birefringence axis of polarization-maintaining fiber. A polarizer is placed at the fiber output end, and laser power jitter out of the fiber can be controlled at about 5% by rotating the polarizer.

Ampere force is proportional to the strength of magnetic field, and magnetic field sensors based on Ampere force show good linearity. Based on principle of Ampere force and an orthogonal dual-frequency fiber laser, a compact and miniature fiber laser magnetic field sensor is realized by sputtering Au coating on the fiber laser surface. Alternative current is injected into both ends of the proposed Au coating fiber laser under a perpendicular magnetic field. The Ampere force generated is exerted onto the fiber laser to induce an additional birefringence into the laser cavity, which leads to the beat note frequency change of the laser and the magnetic field can therefore be measured. Results show that the proposed fiber laser magnetic field sensor has good linearity and capacity of resisting disturbance.