Quantum entanglement microwave signal is a continuous-variable entangled state in microwave frequency band. It has a great application prospect in the field of solid state quantum information processing, quantum computer and quantum communications. The entanglement microwave can be generated by using Josephson junction driven by pump signal in the environment of superconductivity. Three parametric devices of Josephson parametric amplifier, Josephson ring modulator and Josephson mixer are reviewed in brief. Two dual-path quantum entanglement microwave schemes based on superconducting Josephson junctions are introduced. The similarities and differences of them are compared, and the problems existing at present are pointed out. The future research direction and development tend of entanglement microwave are predicted.

In the optical design process of off-axis three-mirror system of large aperture and long focal length, the problem of light blocking appears. The traditional optimizing methods can reduce the efficiency of optical design, and have negative impact on the image quality. Practice shows that the problem can be solved with ZPL macro instruction. The design indexes of reflective collimator include the aperture of 500 mm, focal length of 4000 mm, wavelength range of 400～1400 nm, specified field angles of 2°×1°, and the spot diagrams is better than 6 μm. According to the design indexes, the initial optical structure parameters of coaxial three-mirror anastigmat(TMA) are computed. The final design scheme is obtained with the help of ZPL macros of Zemax software. Results show that the spot diagram is better than 6 μm and wavefront aberration of every specified field is better than λ/25, which meet the design indexes. ZPL micro instruction assist design can control the structure of off-axis multi reflective mirrors system, and it can avoid the light blocking, improve image quality.

With the increasing complexity of remote sensing load, the analog/digital (A/D) conversion circuit composed of the correlated double sampling (CDS) chip and common A/D chip is unable to meet the requirements in CCD imaging circuit. A single chip (AD9814) CCD analog to digital conversion circuit is proposed based on the integrated CDS circuit and A/D circuit is proposed, which is used in satellite-borne spectrometer devices. The chip selection, hardware and software design and experimental circuit construction of the scheme are introduced, and the related experiment is carried out. Results show that the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the system is better than 12 bit, and the radiation resistant index of AD9814 is 15 krad. The proposed scheme can be applied to aerospace engineering.

In order to improve the performance of handwritten signature verification algorithm, a handwritten signature verification algorithm based on local binary pattern (LBP) feature and deep learning is presented. Aiming at signature image, preprocessing and Wiener filtering are used to get rid of noise. The preprocessed signature image is divided into 3×4 blocks and LBP is used to each sub-block. The texture histogram characteristics of each sub-block are connected to form a global histogram characteristics. The obtained feature vectors are used as inputs of deep belief network (DBN), grid is trained layer by layer, and the classification plane is formed at the top to recognize the signature image. Experiments are conducted based on GPDS, MCYT and the original database, and the recognition rate errors are 5.85%, 9.3% and 1.17%, respectivly. The handwritten signature recognition accuracy is effectively improved, which meets the requirements of practical application.

The emerging quantum cryptography technology puts forward new requirements for lasers. To meet the requirements, an internal modulated semiconductor laser with high speed is developed. By using a special pulse shaping circuit designed, an input trigger pulse is divided into two pulses by a fan-out circuit. The two pulses pass through a delay circuit to produce different delay. The two signals are turned into a short pulse signal by a logic circuit. An RF amplifying circuit is used to drive a laser diode. The output laser pulse frequency can reach 1 GHz, the pulse width is less than 24 ps, time jitter is less than 12 ps and the -10 dB spectrum width is only 0.7 nm. Wavelength and power of the output laser have high stability. The laser designed can meet the requirements of a high-speed quantum key distribution with 1 GHz frequency.

A scheme is proposed to obtain the cold atom temperature by using atomic absorption spectrometry obtained based on Raman pump-probe technique, and the proposed scheme is applied to the magneto-optical trap of 85Rb atoms. In experiment, the stimulated Raman transition of atoms occurs as the trapping and probe lasers interact with the cold atoms simultaneously. Dispersion-like peaks of sub-natural linewidth are generated. By fitting the dispersion-like peaks with theoretical model, the temperature of trapped cold 85Rb atoms is estimated, which is about 230 μK. Compared with the time-of-flight measurement method, the scheme provides a relatively simple method to estimate cold atom temperature.

The tripartite entanglement changing with the observer′s acceleration is investigated. It is found that the entanglement decreases with increasing of acceleration. π-tangle decreases most quickly when three observers are all accelerating. The distribution of quantum information is discussed. It’s found that the entanglement and mutual-information can be redistributed, and they can reach the physical inaccessible region. The fidelity under the relativistic effect decreases with increasing of the observer’s acceleration, which indicates that the entanglement and fidelity are related to a certain extent.

Based on the decoy state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol, a MDI-QKD protocol using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique is proposed. Both sides of communications, Alice and Bob, transmit multiple-channel signals with different wavelengths at the same time. The multi-channel signals are merged with optical multiplexer, and then a single fiber is adopted for long distance transmission. The third party, Charlie, separates the multi-channel synthetic signal with optical demultiplexer, and Bell-state measurement is performed for each sub-channel signal. Theoretical analysis results show that the key generation rate relates to the transmission distance, number of multiplexing and mean photon numbers. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed protocol greatly improves the system key generation rate. When the transmission distance is 150 km, the single-channel key generation rate is 0.17 Mbps. The key generation rates with 20 channels, 40 channels multiplexing are 3.34 Mbps, 6.68 Mbps respectively.

In the condition of linear dispersion relation, the quantum entanglement between two atoms placed paratactically in a one-dimensional waveguide is investigated. In order to investigate the entanglement degree between the two atoms, the transmission and reflection spectra amplitudes are calculated by using the real-space method, and the single-photon scattering properties and concurrence of the entangled states are discussed. Results show that the scattering spectra of Fano line shape occur by changing the atomic dipole-dipole interaction. The dipole-dipole interaction may be utilized as a possible tool to lead to spectral Fano resonance. The quantum concurrence can also occur Fano resonance by controlling the atom-waveguide coupling strength, and the maximum quantum entanglement can be inferred by observing Fano resonance.

By using the field (atom) reduced entropy and quantum relative entropy, the entanglement properties of various two-mode non-classical optical fields(including the entangled coherent state, pair coherent state and two-mode squeezed vacuum state) interacting with a Ξ type three-level atom are investigated. Influences of the atom initial states and field parameters are discussed, and the comparison with Bell operator expectation value constructed by the pseudo spin operator is carried out. Results show that there is similar evolution trend between entropy and Bell operator expectation value. Compared with Bell operator expectation value, entropy is more easily influenced by atom coherence. The nonlocality reaches the maximum when entanglement reaches the maximum, and the expectation value of Bell operator is not the minimum when entanglement reaches the minimum. When the expectation value of Bell operator is less, entanglement is still maybe larger. It shows that the entanglement and nonlocality are two kinds of interconnected and independent properties in quantum world.

Based on the near infrared absorption spectroscopy characteristics of CO2, an optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and amplification (OPA) system is proposed for the monitoring of CO2 emission sources. The system is composed of laser dual-seed source injected into OPO, OPO and OPA, narrow bandwidth laser seeded and pulsed Nd:YAG laser transmitting fundamental frequency, a dual-channel wavelength meter with high accuracy and frequency stability etc, which can output alternately dual-wavelength laser beams at 1.572 μm. After the system is debugged preliminarily, the conversion efficiency near 25% is obtained when the pump pulse energy is 326 mJ, and pulse energy is near 80 mJ, which can meet the need of ground-based differential absorption lidar measurements of CO2 concentration profiles in troposphere.

The radially polarized femtosecond pulse laser is investigated and introduced into the micro/nano processing system which is based on two-photon absorption theory. The two-dimension micro/nano polymer structure with higher longitudinal resolution and lower aspect ratio is obtained. Theoretical simulation of intensity distribution within focal light field indicates that the radially polarized femtosecond pulse laser can reduce the lateral resolution of polymer structure to a certain extent while improving the longitudinal resolution, which reduces the aspect ratio of the polymer structure. The results obtained by characterizing the polymer structure with the scanning electron microscopy are in good agreement with the theoretical simulation results. The radially polarized femtosecond laser can improve the longitudinal resolution of micro/nano scale polymer structure. It has good application prospects in the field of laser lithography.

Combined with the modified single-chamber smoking machine, the cigarette mainstream smoke puff-by-puff detecting system is established by utilizing the overtone absorption characteristics of CO and CO2 near 1579 nm based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique, wavelength modulation technique and second harmonic detection method. Experimental results show that the linearity between gas concentration and their second harmonic intensity is better. The system response speed is quick, and the precision can reach the detection requirements. The stability, repeatability and sensitivity of puff-by-puff detecting are all improved. The release amount of CO and CO2 in mainstream smoke for the same type of cigarettes increases with puff number except for the first puff. Both the puff-by-puff release amount and increasing rate of CO2 are larger than that of CO, furthermore, different types of cigarettes follow the same rules as well. The established system has the advantages of high detection speed, high time resolution, simple structure, and so on. It has a good application rospect in the field of rapid detection of harmful substances in cigarette smoke.

Investigation of relationship between the heat caused by electricity in cables and change of the optical unit transmission characteristics is very important for the design and application of fiber composite low voltage cable(OPLC). Stable operation and short circuit fault state of fiber composite low voltage cables are simulated with COMSOL software, and the corresponding cable temperature distribution and optical unit transmission loss characteristics are obtained. The characteristic points of different position on the cable are selected for simulation. Results show that the temperature rising is obvious in the conductor insulation layer when the cable is in trouble, and the outer sheath temperature change is not obvious. The fiber temperature change is very small, only 0.2 °C rising within 5 s. The displacement caused by thermal expansion is very small, so that the transmission loss are almost the same in the two cases. Short circuit faults have little effect on the optical fiber temperature. Temperature rise test of optical unit is designed to obtain optical cable transmission loss data, and those are compared and analyzed with the simulation data. The measured temperature data lag behind the simulation data 5 s, but it is consistent with the change trend of simulation data. It is proved that the simulation model is reliable and feasible.

The electron-LO phonon scattering rate of the first excited state to the ground state in Cd1-xMnxTe/CdTe quantum well is calculated theoretically based on Fermi golden rule, and the variation of average scattering rate with the well width, temperature and Mn component is also discussed. Results show that the electron-LO phonon scattering rate decreases gradually with increasing of the total initial energy. The scattering rate and mean scattering rate increases up to their maxima which appears at 20 nm of the well width, then begins to decrease as the well width increases. When quantum well width is greater than 20 nm, the ‘cut-off’ will occur in scattering. The scattering rate and mean scattering rate increase monotonically with increasing of temperature. In the case of low temperature, the variation of mean scattering rate is not obvious, but it changes distinctly when the temperature is relatively high. The mean scattering rate of electron-LO phonon in quantum well decreases with increasing of Mn component.

The spectral response curves of reflection-type gradient-doping GaN photocathode in the process of activation and attenuation are obtained with the spectral response measurement instrument. It’s found that the curve is constantly changing. The spectral response increases continuously in the process of activation, and the long wave response increases faster. The spectral response decreases continuously in the process of attenuation, and the long wave response decreases faster. Results show that the variation of spectral response curve is related to the escape of high energy photoelectron of photoelectric cathde. The electron energy distribution of GaN photocathode is shifted to the high energy side with increasing of the incident photon energy. Influences of cathode surface potential barrier shape change on low energy light excited electrons are even greater, which leads to different change in spectral response curve with incident light wavelength.

The electronic structure properties of the cubic structure nickel oxide at high electric field intensity of 10 V·nm-1 are investigated based on plane wave density functional theory. Results show that the cubic nickel oxide exhibits conductor energy band structure at electric field intensity of 10 V·nm-1, the valance bands move up to conduction bands, and state density spectrum curves obtain peak values at several energies. The localization effect increases, and the state density near Fermi level increases to more than two times as much as that of the parent system. The carrier concentration at Fermi level increase from 4 e/eV to 15 e/eV,which is due to the contritution of Op, Nis, Nid state to Fermi surface. Electrons in a high electric field show an obvious transition between different quantum states, and the dielectric function calculation shows that the system has the maximum absorption with peak value of 66.89 at 0.32 eV under high electric field. The electrical, optical and field induced optical absorption properties of NiO are obviously controlled by highelectric field.

The quantum system with H+2 impurity in two-dimensional square quantum dots is solved by using finite difference method, and discrete Schrdinger equation is obtained. The energy of electrons in ground state in the system and binding energy of impurity are calculated numerically. Effects of impurity ions with different spacing on the ground state energy and binding energy of electrons in different sizes of quantum dots are discussed. Calculation results show that the electron ground state energy in quantum dots is a function of the impurity position and quantum dot size. The ground state energy decreases rapidly and then increases slowly with increasing of quantum dot size, and it tends to a fixed value finally. The binding energy of impurity to electron decreases with increasing of quantum dot size. The smaller the impurity spacing is, the greater the influence of the quantum dot ground state energy will be.

Changes of exciton binding energies in InAlAs/InPBi/InAlAs quantum well with the well width, Al and Bi components are calculated using the variational method in the effective mass approximation. The effects of the applied electric field and magnetic field on exciton binding energy are analyzed. Results show that exciton binding energy increases firstly and then decreases with the increasing of well width. With the increasing of Al and Bi components, the exciton binding energy also increases gradually. Effect of the applied electric field which is smaller on the exciton binding energy is small. When the applied electric field is large enough, it will destroy the exciton effect. Exciton binding energy presents monotonous increasing tendency with the increasing of the applied magnetic field. The calculation results have certain guiding significance for applications of InAlAs/InPBi/InAlAs quantum well in optoelectronic devices.

A novel sub-wavelength metal-insulator-metal (MIM) type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system based on metal surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is designed. It is composed of a straight waveguide coupled with symmetrical stub cavities and nanodisks. The structure is analyzed by the coupling mode theory and numerical simulation is carried out with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. When the resonant frequencies of the stub cavities and nanodisks are about the same, EIT-like effect can be obtained. The position of transparent window can be adjusted by changing the stub cavity length and radii of the nanodisks. The device can be used as a high performance EIT-like filter with transmission rate up to 77.5%, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) less than 35.5 nm and group index over 65. The system provides a new method for the highly integrated optical networks. It can be applied to wavelength selector, ultrafast switching, optical storage and other devices.