The high-throughput preparation of material library can quickly obtain a large number of samples with quasi-continuous or gradient change of composition by parallel synthesis strategy, and screen the target materials with the best composition and performance. The traditional “trial and error” mode has been transformed into a new mode of system optimization in materials exploration. At the same time, high-throughput preparation experiments can complement virtual experiments such as material computing and machine learning to verify the calculation results, and provide an abundant experimental database for data mining and application. This paper reviews the parallel synthesis methods of micro-nano powder and their progress, which provide new ideas and efficient synthesis routes for the functional materials scientists to accelerate the experimental process. The mentioned high-throughput experimental methods have been applied to the rapid discovery, optimization and performance improvement of new materials, such as catalysts, phosphors, infrared irradiative materials, and so on, which is expected to expand the application area and scale, highlighting its advancement and value.

The three-dimensional layered compound MAX phase has excellent mechanical property of both metals and ceramics, which is generally considered as a kind of high safety structural materials. In recent reports, V2(Sn, A)C (A = Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) materials showed that antiferromagnetic property can be obtained by inserting the subgroup elements into A layer of MAX phase by molten salt method. However, how to further regulate magnetic properties of MAX phase through design of its crystal structure has attracted the attention of scholars in the field of spintronics and other fields. In this work, four new MAX phases of (V, Nb)2(Sn, A)C (A = Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) were synthesized based on M/A double solid solution by molten salt method, and proved to be synthesized successfully. Magnetic property of the MAX phases was checked by SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer). It is found that the change of Curie temperature is correlated with tetragonal ratio (c/a) and elemental composition. Changes of lattice parameters, tetragonal rate and magnetic results before and after introducing Nb element into M site were further compared. Besides, the Hc and Mr of (V, Nb)2(Sn, Fe)C, (V, Nb)2(Sn, Ni)C, and (V, Nb)2(Sn, Mn)C decreased and the Mr increased compared with V2(Sn, A)C (A = Fe, Ni, Mn) before introducing Nb element into M site. All these results were opposite after introducing Nb element into M site of V2(Sn, Co)C which reveals the influence of M/A-site doble solid solution to the magnetic property of MAX phase, and provides a new way for tailoring magnetic property of MAX phase.

Luminescent anti-counterfeiting has characteristics of visibility and convenience, which is a popular method in many anti-counterfeiting technologies. However, this anti-counterfeiting luminescent materials have the shortcomings of single emission color and static anti-counterfeiting pattern, leading to easy imitablity. It is urgent to develop new luminescent materials that can achieve dynamic and more reliable anti-counterfeiting performance. In this research, the multicolor persistent luminescence material, chromium doped zinc gallogermanate, was prepared by hydrothermal method. Its persistent luminescence property and dynamic anti-counterfeiting application potential were investigated. Experimental results show that the emission intensity in blue-green and red light regions can be adjusted by changing the raw materials ratio of gallium to germanium. Under the excitation of 254 and 365 nm UV light, a series of samples are observed to be white and red, respectively, indicating multi-mode luminescence characteristics. Furthermore, the decay rate of blue, green and red components in white afterglow is different, so the afterglow color can change dynamically over time. Anti-counterfeiting patterns, designed based on this multicolor afterglow features, improves the security through dynamic change of afterglow color in the time dimension, demonstrating the potential application in dynamic anti-counterfeiting.

Refining ceramic microstructures to nanometric range to minimize light scattering provides an effective methodology for developing novel optical ceramic materials. In this study, we reported the fabrication and properties of a new nanocomposite optical ceramic of Lu2O3-MgO by using nano powders synthesized via Sol-Gel method and hot-pressing sintering technology. Influence of powder synthesis conditions and hot-pressing sintering process on the microstructure of the sample was investigated, and the theoretical transmittance of the sample was calculated and compared with the measured transmittance. The results show that the Lu2O3-MgO ceramic fabricated by optimizing process exhibts a homogeneous phase domain distribution, a fine-grain size of 123 nm, a high transmittance of 84.5%-86.0% over the 3-5 μm wavelength range, close to the theoretical transmittance, and enhanced hardness value of 12.2 GPa, toughness value of 2.89 MPa·m-1/2 and bending strength value of (221±12) MPa, indicating potential application in infrared transparent window material.

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based piezoelectric ceramics are a type of functional material with a wide range of applications, which can be used in ultrasound transducers, piezomotor, medical ultrasound transducer, and surface acoustic wave filter, etc. Improving the piezoelectric property of PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics through modification has always been a research hotspot in this field. In this work, Sm-0.25PMN-0.75PZT piezoelectric ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were fabricated by conventional solid-phase reaction method, and its microstructure and macroscopic property were systematically studied. The research results show that introduction of Sm3+ can enhance the local structural heterogeneity of piezoelectric ceramics, accelerate the dielectric response, and improve the piezoelectric performance. When Sm3+ is excessively introduced, the long- range continuity of ferroelectric polarization is interrupted in a large area while the piezoelectric performance decreases. The performance of the optimal composition piezoelectric ceramic obtained in this experiment is: high voltage electric coefficient (d33~824 pC/N), high voltage electric voltage constant (g33~27.1×10-3 m2/C), and relatively high Curie temperature (TC~178 ℃). The electrostrain is less than 5% in the range of room temperature to 150 ℃, with relatively good temperature stability. Therefore, this PET-based relaxor-ferrelectric ceramic is a high- performance piezoelectric material with great application prospects.

As a common air pollutant, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas does serious harm to the natural environment and human health. Therefore, it is imperative to develop efficient detection methods for detecting such toxic and harmful gases. Developing a new type of composite film gas sensor to achieve high selectivity and high sensitivity detection of nitrogen dioxide at room temperature has become a research hotspot. Here, we prepared zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 /reduced graphene oxide (ZIF8/rGO) composite with porosity and large specific surface area through chemical precipitation and ultrasonic method. Based on this materials, an NO2 sensor was constructed and then evaluated at room-temperature. Its possible mechanism of sensing NO2 was explored. The results showed that ZIF8/rGO sensor presented a response of 34.77% toward 50×10-6 NO2, which was 3.2-fold of pure rGO senor. Meanwhile it exhibited excellent repeatability after 4 reversible cycles with the relative standard deviation (RSD) only 3.9% and remarkable long-term stability in four-week test with the RSD of 2.5%, accompanied outstanding selectivity toward NO2 and a low limit of detection of 3.8×10-8. These hypersensitive properties at room temperature were attributed to its porous structure and large specific surface and high performance of rGO. This work offers a new idea for efficiently detecting poisonous NO2 based on ZIF8/rGO.

How to design and fabricate highly efficient and stable Pt nano-catalyst is of important practical value and scientific significance for improving the C=O hydrogenation selectivity of cinnamaldehyde. In present study, a series of MgAl hydrotalcite (LDH) supports with various morphologies were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. The supported Pt/LDH catalysts were prepared by incipient wet impregnation (IMP) method with LDH supports, and used for cinnamaldehyde selective hydrogenation reaction, and influences of LDH with different morphology for the catalyst activity were studied. The structure, morphology, surface physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized. The results show that the morphology of different supports exerts a significant influence on the structure and properties of Pt/LDH catalysts. Interaction between lamellae LDH nanosheet and active component Pt facilitates dispersing and stabilizing of Pt nanoparticles. Meanwhile, there are abundant alkaline sites and surface hydroxyl groups in the LDH support, which are beneficial to improve the catalytic hydrogenation activity and stability. Results of catalytic performance show that selectivity of cinnamon alcohol (CMO) and conversion of cinnamon aldehyde (CMA) at reaction temperature of 40 ℃, reaction pressure of 1 MPa, and reaction time of 120 min were 82.1% and 79.8%, respectively. After 5 rounds of cycle tests, the Pt/LDH catalyst still has excellent stability.

Aiming at the performance-limiting characteristics of short hole diffusion length (2-4 nm) and sluggish water oxidation kinetics in hematite (α-Fe2O3), we developed hematite nanobelts containing ordered oxygen vacancies by catalyzed oxidation of palladium nanocrystals for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Morphologies and structures of as-prepared films were characterized by different methods. Results show that ordered oxygen vacancies was observed in hematite nanobelts with a periodicity of 1.48 nm corresponding to ten times of (11ˉ2) interplanar spacing. The PEC performance of the hematite nanobelts exhibits stable photocurrent density of 3.3 mA·cm-2, the corresponding hydrogen evolution rate of 29.46 μmol·cm-2·h-1, and an early onset potential of 0.587 V (vs. RHE) without additional oxygen evolution reaction cocatalysts. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the introduced ordered oxygen vacancies which can increase the carrier density, greatly accelerate the surface holes transfer, and act as surface active sites to significantly promote the surface water oxidation reaction.

In this research, a facile “in-situ reduction” strategy was developed to construct silver clusters-loaded silica-based hybrid nanoparticles (Ag@SHNPs). Firstly, the formation of organosilica-micellar hybrid nanostructure was achieved by self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer PS89-b-PAA16 and hydrolysis, and polycondensation of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) on the hydrophilic PAA segment. Then, the abundant thiol groups in the organosilica framework were used as reduction sites to in-situ convert the silver salt into silver clusters, and finally the Ag@SHNPs were obtained. Morphology, structure and composition of the hybrid nanoparticles were analyzed, and their cytotoxicity on different cell lines were explored, showing good biocompatibility. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of the Ag@SHNPs substrate were detected by using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) as the probe molecule. Under an excitation wavelength of 532 nm laser, 4-MBA-labeled Ag@SHNPs exhibited obvious Raman enhanced signal with an enhancement factor of about 105. Therefore, the silica-based hybrid substrate material shows potential application prospects in SERS bioimaging and high-sensitivity detection.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their porous structure, high specific surface area, abundant functional groups with metal active sites, good biocompatibility, and suitable degradability. In this study, a multifunctional composite nanoparticle (Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA) was prepared for combined photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy of tumors, which was constructed by loading potassium ferrate (K2FeO4, Fe(VI)) in porphyrin-based MOFs (PCN-224) and following a surface coating with biocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results showed that the particle sizes of PCN-224 and Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles were about 90 nm and 100 nm, respectively. Interestingly, Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles could catalyze H2O2 to produce ?OH under a simulating tumor environmental condition. Meanwhile, they catalyzed to decompose H2O2 to produce O2, and thereby increased the production of singlet oxygen (1O2) under 660 nm laser irradiation, which enhanced the photodynamic effect. More importantly, in vitro evaluation indicated that Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles were biocompatible, and exhibited enhanced photodynamic and chemodynamic combined therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells. Hence, Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles have a great potential application in tumor therapy.

Electrochemical reduction of the greenhouse gas CO2 in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has attracted much attention due to their high energy conversion efficiency and great potential for carbon cycling. Compared with the asymmetrical configuration, symmetrical SOECs with the same material as anode and cathode, can greatly simplify the fabrication process and reduce the complication associated with varied interfaces. Perovskite oxides LaxSr2-xFe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6-δ (LxSFNM, x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) are prepared and evaluated as symmetrical electrodes in solid oxide electrolysis cells for electrochemical reduction of pure CO2. The polarization resistances are 0.07 Ω?cm2 in air and 0.62 Ω?cm2 in 50% CO-50% CO2 for L0.3SFNM electrode at 800 ℃. An electrolysis current density of 1.17 A?cm-2 under 800 ℃ at 1.5 V is achieved for the symmetrical SOECs in pure CO2. Furthermore, the symmetrical cell demonstrates excellent stability during the preliminary 50 h CO2 electrolysis measurements.

Nickel phyllosilicates have shown considerable potential in many fields such as electrochemistry and catalysis owing to their specific structures, attracting a great attention on preparation and properties of them in recent years. In this study, Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 microspheres were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by using NiCl2 and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the raw materials. Effects of Ni/Si molar ratio and alkali source on the phase composition, morphology and textural property of the products were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the as-synthesized Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 microspheres presented a nanosheets-assembled morphology with an average diameter of ca. 2.5 μm, SBET of 119.6 m2·g-1, pore volume of 0.673 cm3·g-1, and Zeta potential measurements showed that they were negatively charged with pH ranging from 3 to 10. When employed as the adsorbents for basic fuchsin (BF), the Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 microspheres showed an adsorption capacity of 120.7 mg·g-1 with the removal efficiency up to 96.6% from 50 mg·L-1 solution, superior to most of the referred adsorbents in literatures, and the adsorption kinetic data can be well interpretated via the pseudo-second-order model. Data of the relationship between equilibrium adsorption capacity and BF concentration were well fitted by Freundlich isotherm model with the 1/n value of 0.1678, indicating that the surface was heterogeneous and the adsorption strength was strong.

Sn based materials, as low-cost and earth-abundant electrocatalysts, are potential candidates for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into liquid fuels. Unfortunately, the low selectivity and stability limits their applications. Herein, we developed an electrocatalyst of Sn quantum dots (Sn-QDs) for efficient, durable and highly selective CO2 reduction to HCOOH. The Sn-QDs were con?rmed with high crystallinity and an average size of only 2-3 nm. Small particle size endowed the electrocatalyst with improved electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), which was about 4.4 times of that of Sn particle. This enlarged ECSA as well as accelerated CO2RR kinetics favored the electrochemical conversion of CO2. The Faradaic ef?ciency of HCOOH (FEHCOOH) on Sn-QDs/CN reached up to 95% at -1.0 V (vs RHE), which exceeded 83% in the recorded wide potential window of 0.5 V. Moreover, the Sn-QDs electrocatalyst exhibited good electrochemical durability for 24 h.

Soft magnetic alloy is the core material of the proton/heavy ion accelerator. To reduce the eddy current loss at high frequencies, the insulating coating needs to be coated on the surface of soft magnetic alloy, and to be followed-up heat treatment (~600 ℃) to lower the residual stress from defects and dislocations produced in the cold forming process of soft magnetic alloys. Therefore, the insulation coating for soft magnetic alloy should meet the requirement of high-temperature resistance. SiO2 is one of the most common inorganic coating materials, which has good insulation performance and temperature resistance, so it is especially suitable for high-temperature insulation coating. In this work, fabrication process of SiO2 insulating coating was systematically studied. The silane coupling agent 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) was added to the phytic acid-catalyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) sol to improve the film-forming property. Effect of KH-560 on structure and property of SiO2 coating was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the stability and the film-forming property were improved effectively via adding a reasonable amount of KH-560. When adding amount of KH-560 is 0.04 mol, the as-preared SiO2 coating exhibites excellent film-forming characteristics, corrosion resistance and electrical insulation with sheet resistance of 2.97×1011 Ω/□ at 100 V.

Peri-implantitis can lead to peri-implant attachment loss, bone absorption, and even implant loose or lost. In this study, the atomic layer deposition technique and silanization were applied to prepare a composite zinc oxide (ZnO) /fibronectin (Fn) coating on the surface of titanium (Ti). Peri-implantitis related bacteria, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. a) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g), were chosen to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the composite coating. Spreading, proliferation and associated gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts on Ti, Ti/ZnO, and Ti/ZnO/Fn were evaluated. In vivo peri-implantitis model was established on SD rat maxilla through the infusion of mixed bacterial suspension. The peri-implant bone resorption and inflammatory infiltration in gingiva were investigated. The results showed that antibacterial efficacies of the composite coating against A. a and P. g for 24 h were up to 80.9% and 75.7%, respectively. Fibroblasts on the surface of Ti/ZnO/Fn showed adhesion and proliferation in vitro. In the model of peri-implantitis, Micro-CT showed that the amount of peri-implant bone absorption of Ti was (1.14±0.71) mm, while the amount of Ti/ZnO/Fn was only (0.37±0.28) mm. Moreover, the observation of paraffin section and qPCR revealed that inflammation level of gingiva and alveolar bone around Ti was lower in Ti/ZnO/Fn than in other groups. In conclusion, the composite coating for dental implants might be effective on defensing bacterial invasion, enhancing gingiva attachment and preventing inflammation response of gingiva.