Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their porous structure, high specific surface area, abundant functional groups with metal active sites, good biocompatibility, and suitable degradability. In this study, a multifunctional composite nanoparticle (Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA) was prepared for combined photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy of tumors, which was constructed by loading potassium ferrate (K₂FeO₄, Fe(VI)) in porphyrin-based MOFs (PCN-224) and following a surface coating with biocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results showed that the particle sizes of PCN-224 and Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles were about 90 nm and 100 nm, respectively. Interestingly, Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles could catalyze H₂O₂ to produce ?OH under a simulating tumor environmental condition. Meanwhile, they catalyzed to decompose H₂O₂ to produce O₂, and thereby increased the production of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) under 660 nm laser irradiation, which enhanced the photodynamic effect. More importantly, in vitro evaluation indicated that Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles were biocompatible, and exhibited enhanced photodynamic and chemodynamic combined therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells. Hence, Fe(VI)@PCN@BSA nanoparticles have a great potential application in tumor therapy.