Since Epstein realized the energy conversion between light and heat and got the net cooling capacity in 1995, this refrigeration method has been developed rapidly because of its merits such as mini volume, light weight, free electromagnetic radiation, non－noise, high reliability, etc. In the meantime, anti－Strokes fluorescent cooling has a luring future in the fields of military, aerospace, satellite, microelectronics, cryogenic physics and engineering and so on. The developing progress and current research status of this cooling technique are introduced. The conversion depth about heat energy into light radiation is analyzed in detail utilizing the basic thermodynamic law. The definitions of light effective temperature and thermodynamic conversion efficiency are introduced and a formula to calculate the thermodynamic upper efficiency limit is derived, which could provide a design guide rule to produce the laser cooling machines. The technical difficulties for realizing long life anti－Strokes fluorescent cooling are pointed out and the prospect of anti-Strokes fluorescent cooling technique is finally foreseen.

Cupper vapor laser is a typical resonance－metastable transition laser. The laser－pulse is usually thought of occuring at the front edge of current pulse. Experiment shows that Ca;++ laser pulse is always at the front edge of current pulse under different condition. As for CuBr laser, the delay time of its laser pulse is related with the working temperature. Cupper atom is formed by means of the decomposition of CuBr into Cu;++, and then recombination of Cu;++. Consequently the recombination coefficient is bigger and the delay time of laser pulse gets longer when the working temperature is lower. And the recombination coefficient turns smaller and the laser pulse occurs ahead of time when the working temperature is higher.

In laser imaging technology of earth observation, the gray images of terrain objects are produced directly from laser echo information in order to do classification and recognition of the terrain objects. So it is necessary to establish the relative models of laser echo identities and terrain object identities. The power, waveform and other main identities of pulse laser echo from ground are analyzed based on the experimental results of the fundamental system for laser imaging of earth observation. The backward scattered power of terrain objects is discussed. The gray image of part of terrain is produced through laser echo information after airborne information acquiring and data processing. Some elementary relations between laser echo and terrain object are obtained by comparing the gray image and passive infrared imaging result. Some technical supports are provided for 3D laser imaging, classification and recognition of terrain objects.

The principle and problems of pulse laser finder are described. And a method of multi－cycle laser range measurement is proposed. The oscillating is generated via the received echo driving main pulse of laser, and the range is gotten by calculating the averaged time of multi－cycle of oscillating. The principle and the system structure of this method are given. And the key techniques for improving precision are also analyzed. Experiments show that this method has the advantages of low cost, high measurement speed and high precision, and suit for short distance measurement.

A solar panel substrate planeness non－contact system, which employs optical triangulation method, and bases on virtual precise measuring datum, is presented. By means of declinate optical triangulation measuring instrument structure which is firstly proposed, the measured area and resolution of this measuring system are greatly increased, and the high accuracy non－contact measurement of the planeness of a large area plane is realized. On the basis of new modeling method of virtual precise measuring datum and measurement error compensation technique, the measuring system can accurately measure the solar panel substrate planeness on a non－precision plate. The actual measurement results show that the measurement accuracy 0.02mm (rms) can be obtained when a solar panel substrate (2581mm×1755mm) planeness is measured by using of this measuring system.

The photoelectric interpretoscope is a data processing complete set of equipment of photoelectric theodolite used in experimental shooting range. Its main purpose is to interpret the numerical value of the measuring angle of theodolite. And the medium is the measuring films photographed by theodolite. The original data is in the form of lattice. The traditional ways of data collection of photoelectric interpretoscope are firstly changing the lattice of films into pulse signals, and then rebuilding, enlarging and compressing them. Finally the lattice pulse signals are collected and distinguished by means of inquiring. But the rate of wrong code is always very high when the widths of pulse signals are not identical. A new way of data collection is presented in which the compressed lattice is collected within the time limitation permitted by computer with barycenter method. The method can also work properly when the widths of pulse signals are not identical. The distinguishability is increased and the rate of wrong code is reduced.

The refraction is the phenomenon that the path of infrared from celestial bodies will be bend because of the atmosphere and its window of infrared. Light clouds easily keep out the lights from celestial bodies, but the infrared may go through the light clouds and atmosphere when it is observed at any part of the earth. Therefore locating by the ray of infrared from celestial bodies is noticed day after day. It is necessary to get the modification of the refraction of infrared ray from the celestial bodies when the infrared ray determines the position of observer. The practical theoretical calculation and correction methods for the refraction ρ of the celestial bodies for certain wavelength are presented.

Some digitized processing techniques developed for remote infrared vapor signal detecting, such as pattern classification, frequency－domain digital filtering and time－domain digital filtering, are introduced. The applications of linear discriminant, piecewise linear discriminant and artificial neural network on remote infrared chemical sensing are preliminarily discussed. The background subtraction, frequency－domain digital filtering and the apodization methods for digital filtering are briefly described. The principle and the usage of time－domain filtering are illustrated. An outlook on digitized signal processing algorithms for remote infrared chemical sensing is given.

General method and theoretical basis for testing internal condition of heat equipment by infrared quantitative diagnosis are introduced. The testing technology of infrared is combined with the inverse heat conduction problem of determining inner wall temperature distribution of heat equipment. The common step to get the space step iteration formula of calculating inner temperature is also described by space separating and using finite difference methodes. The temperature of each point in the equipment is calculated numerically. So the internal condition of heat equipment can be test. The working process of this method is also stated by giving example of stable heat process in plane slab.

Expression of the reflex effect of natural lighting is a key problem of optic character simulation. The difference among the optic reflex character models of several target surface material facets, such as the facet's BRDF, experimental fit curve and expression of Phong in OpenGL, is analyzed. The material optic distribution in sun and sky (or earth) lighting is derived using the facet's BRDF. The effect of simplified OpenGL model on simulation of optic character is discussed. Based on OpenGL system, the methods of setting up 3D model and choosing material's optic parameter are given. The algorithm of complex target's optic character simulation in natural lighting is proposed and the result of the simulation is also presented.

A construction scheme of semi－physical simulation system for a laser－guided bomb seeker is presented. The system consists of optical simulator, fuselage attitude simulator, simulation computer system, integrated control equipment, interface communication equipment, display and monitor system and master control. The optical simulator includes diffuse reflector, target simulator, interference simulator and background simulator. The three－axis turntable is the main unit of the attitude simulator. The demands of its sub－systems are analyzed and their constructions are discussed in detail.

Augmented reality is the technique of transferring synthetic sensory information into a user's perception of a real environment. One of the most important tasks for every augmented reality application is to correctly merge the virtual scene and real scene into an organic whole. The implementation is heavily depended on the cooperation between augmented reality hardware and software technology. The application of affine transformation in augmented reality is investigated on the basis of analysis of traditional virtual－real registration technology based on position tracking and camera calibration. A new method for getting the relative depth of each rendered point is also put forward.

Self－demarcating, self－celebration and self－checking are the functions of the optical fibre temperature measuring system. The basic principle and structure of the optical fibre temperature measuring system and DOFTSS are introduced in detail. Methods of setting the benchmark value of the system, demarcating the system and realizing the baseline adjustment are also discussed. The structure of the system including parts of power supply, setting up and displaying and other controls is shown, as well as the system software flowchart. Prediction and warning system for fire hazard is set up making use of the technique of fiber temperature measuring system.

The main technical characteristics of IR/MMW multimode seeking system are summarized. Computation and theoretical analysis are made concerning the material selection as well as shape and thickness design for multi－spectrum dome. Many types of coordination systems for multi－mode seekers and complex antenna system are discussed. IR/MMW fusion processing system are studied. Based on the output information of IR/MMW detecting system, fusion administrative levels and fusion criterion of multi－mode seeking system are determined.

The function of digital circuits is usually accomplished by CPLD. The function of integrated analog circuits realized with CPLD is discussed. Two methods of controlling the pulse width of monostable trigger are studied. One is realizing monostable trigger with external RC , the other is controlling the pulse width with external signal. The experimental results show that controlling the pulse width of monostable trigger with CPLD on the basis of full digital ciruits effectively helps the realization of miniaturization of laser fuse circuit system and increases the reliability of the circuits.

Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) has been widely used in the simplification of terrains represented as height field because of its predominant capability. During the generation of TIN, selection of input points is the key to the approximation quality of simplified terrains. Usually, the input point is selected according to the importance measure on each point, so research on the calculation of importance measure has attained more and more attention. Based on analysis and comparison of traditional importance measure, a new criterion of importance measure based on local entropy is put forward. The results demonstrate that the local entropy criterion gives a performance that is better than any traditional method. In addition, it can effectively conquer the "short sight" problem in previous methods.

The wavelet transform and its basic properties are described. The principle and method based on signal break detection of wavelet transform modulus maximum varying along the scale are also discussed. All sorts of the frequency are analyzed and processed on various scales to amplify the odd and break points of signal and improve the resolving power and SNR . The application of wavelet theory in signal processing in mechanical engineering field is also discussed and a practical technique for signal singularity detection is proposed. The initial fault locations of roll bearing are effectively detected using the method of the multi－scale wavelet transform modulus maximum. It delivers of exploring beneficial to online fault diagnosis.

Traditional matching will be degraded in scene－matching and correlative tracking system because of the presence of the difference of the gray value and the distortion between the object image and the reference image. And the risk of template drift will increased by the method of simply updating the template. Eigen tracking approach for tracking rigid objects is presented which builds on and extends work on SVD method. It is a promising candidate for an appearance－based object representation. Firstly the test object images are decomposed to get the eigne space of the object. And then they are applied as the characters of the object image in the matching process. The objects over long image sequences are tracked by using the techniques. This method could bear affine image motion and image distortion to some extent and it is very promising.

Detection of dim target in infrared image is the emphasis and difficulty of target detection. A method of detection using the Top－hat operator of morphology is proposed. Its main procedures are filtering the infrared image sequences, and then detecting the targets depending on the continuity of the movement of the targets. Some features of detected target are analyzed. The effect of the detection method is verified by the results of experiments. The characteristics of the gray and centroid of small target in infrared image sequences are also found, which is significant to improve the precision of detection.

The probability of the target detection must be increased and the intensity of the noise must be decreased in pre－detection because the algorithms based on energy accumulation are sensitive to the misdetection of the target and the intensity of the noise. When the intensity of the noise is larger than three percent, for example, the capability of the detection using high order correlation will decrease rapidly. And when Hough transform is used in target detection in the condition of large noise intensity, not only the calculation would be very heavy but also the capability of detection would be not ideal. Therefore, a self－adaptive threshold pre－detection method using multi－frame indexing accumulation based on energy accumulation is developed.

Experiments indicate that the traditional methods of edge detection are not ideal because of the bigger noise of remote sense image. With the combination of wavelet directivity checkout technology and small－scale mathematical morphology, an algorithm of remote sense image processing based on wavelet transform and mathematics morphology is presented. Edge detection on remote sense image is carried out with the algorithm. It is indicated that the calculation is effective. Position at the edge can be accurately located, the noise can be inhibited at certain extent, and the effect of edge detection is obvious.

IR sensor and visual sensor are widely used in target detection and recognition system. The correctness and robustness of target detection and recognition can be enhanced with effective fusion of images from the two kinds of sensors. Fast and accurate image registration is the key premise of image fusion. An algorithm of fast image registration based on wavelet transformation is presented which is beneficial for accurately carrying out real time image registration.