In order to satisfy the complex detection demand of space optoelectronic systems, a prepared method of waveguide-gate film electron multiplying structure based on micro channel plates applied in the field of space complex detection was proposed. From the view point of photomultiplication of micro-channel plates and modulation and distributary of space electron beam, operation principles of this detector and some constraints during the preparation process are explained. After the effects of different incident beam energies and different thickness of gate films on trajectories of incident electrons in waveguide-gate films are respectively studied on the basis of a physical model from scattering of low-energy incident electronics in multiplex dielectrics, process characteristic parameters of the gate are targeted in the range by simulation results. A free-standing organic film is prepared on the micro channel plate through water drawing. And an aluminum film is deposited on the organic film by means of resistance thermal evaporation after optimization. As a result, the complex gate films are achieved within nanometer thickness. Besides, the structure of the complex gate is given characterization through visual means. At last, for the aspect of the function about complex detection ,the feasibility of the gate film complex detector is verified by experiments through a special test system in a vacuum chamber.

Photomultiplication structure that introduces a small proportion of C60(［60］Fullerene) as electron traps into P3HT(Poly(3-hexylthiophene))∶PC61BM(［6,6］-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) was applied to organic photodetectors. The photomultiplication mechanism based on trap assisted hole tunneling injection and the role of C60 concentration on device photoelectric performances were investigated. When the C60 doping concentration was 1.5wt.%, the resulting photodetector exhibits a 436.4% external quantum efficiency, a 1.62 A·W－1 responsivity, a 2.21×1013Jones detectivity and about 100 dB linear dynamic range at －0.5 V under 455 nm (0.21 mW·cm－2) illumination. The advantage of bulk heterojunction photodetectors that can operate under low bias, combined with the cathode hole tunneling injection which originates from some photoinduced electrons trapped in the active layer especially for the accumulation of electrons near the cathode, was utilized to improve light current dramatically. Thus the photodetector with high detectivity and low operating voltage was obtained.

Aiming at the mutual influence of signal, noise and multiplication factors of the avalanche photodiode under constant false alarm, the effects of the avalanche photodiode′s own noise and background radiation on the detection performance and the principle of constant false alarm noise compensation were analyzed. The relationship model of background radiation with the constant false alarm multiplication factor were established. The model was verified by experiments, and the relationship between background radiation and multiplication factors under different false alarm probability, threshold current, and noise current was simulated and analyzed. It is found that the multiplication factor would decrease with the increase of background radiation, and the decreasing rate gradually slows down. When the background radiation is constant, the increase of the false alarm probability or the threshold current will increase the multiplication factor. The sum of effective value of the thermal noise and the amplifier noise has a greater influence on the multiplication factor, while the dark current has less influence on the multiplication factor.

For the detection rate is low and clutter is difficult to suppress under the complex scenes, a novel method for infrared small target detection based on curvature near the ground was proposed. The infrared image was regarded as a three-dimensional surface, and the differences between the target and the background in the shape of the surface was analyzed which was represented by curvature in this paper. Then the Facet model is used to calculate the first-order and second-order directional derivatives of the four directions of the image. Search for the zero-crossing area of the first-order directional derivatives, and construct the directional curvature map by using the second-order directional derivatives of the zero-crossing areas. Finally, the directional curvature map in four directions are fused to obtain the final curvature map and the real target was achieved by an adaptive threshold segmentation directly. The algorithm is validated by infrared sequence images in four different scenes. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is greater than 10 in terms of signal-to-clutter ratio and background suppression factor, which are higher than other algorithms. And the detection rate of 100% can be achieved under the false alarm rate below 6×10－4, which is obviously superior to other algorithms.

A multi-local kernels′ fusion algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of high complexity of dark channel priors. In this algorithm, the local kernels are computed and solved in parallel, and then merged into a global kernel (point spread function) by using the shape similarity of local kernels. For the noise that has appeared on the initially merged global kernel, the relevance adjustment is introduced using the neighboring information to further improve the fusion effect. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the speed of image deblurring while guaranteeing the deblurring effect. It also has better effect on the local detail restoration of some real blurred images, and can handle large-size blurred images well.

Based on the scanning method with ultra-short laser pulse, the measurement of time response characteristic was implemented on a Ultra High Speed Framing Camera (UHSFC) which has four channels. All of the four channels' curves of time response were carried out simultaneously. Actual exposure time, opening and shutting time, modulation of response and so on were revealed in these curves. The actual performance and state of the UHSFC can be examined with the help of these information. The analysis of experimental data can also be profited from the mensuration.

In order to improve the wavefront sampling frequency in wavefront detection, a wavefront reconstruction method based on two element complementary mode is proposed. The method reconstructs the real part of the light field by using the far field focal light intensity obtained under binary complementary modulation mode, and then reconstructs the imaginary part of the light field through the light intensity distribution of the beam. The method avoids the use of additional modulation mode, which reduces the number of modulation modes used in the process of wavefront sampling to 2/3 of the original method, and improves the wavefront sampling frequency. The wavefront of the beam with uneven intensity distribution is reconstructed in the numerical simulation, and the tilt aberration is reconstructed by experiments, which verify the feasibility of the method.

The relationship between defocus and the lateral shifts of cubic phase mask has been built based on the Fresnel integral. Based on the fact that the artifacts appeared in the decoded images are resulted from the differences between the coding and decoding point spread function, the artifacts can be treated as indicators of defocus. Finally, we combined the built relationship previously and the reason producing artifacts in the decoded images to propose an imaging way to obtain defocus map and artifacts-free images with laterally shifted cubic phase mask, which subsequently verified by experiments with our designed imaging system. The proposed method avoids errors introduced by shifting the ideal imaging plane deliberately. Moreover, although the idea we developed only was analyzed and illustrated with cubic phase mask, it also can be generalized to other types of odd-symmetric phase masks, which further widen the application range of odd-symmetric phase mask imaging system.

In the active illumination intensity imaging method, the effect of coherence changes on the spectral modulus was considered. The model of the spatial coherence of the uplink coherent light field was established which the coherence factor was introduced on this basis. And the intensity correlation imaging model based on coherence change was established. The influence on spectral modulus of the intensity correlation imaging was simulated by coherence changes. The correctness of the model is verified by the design experiment. The peak signal to noise ratio of the spectral modulus of the proposed model and the original model is analyzed. According to the analysis results, it is necessary to introduce the coherence factor in active laser illumination; and the peak signal to noise ratio is improved by 3.6%~6.2% in different turbulence coherence length. The quality of the spectral modulus recovered by the proposed intensity correlation imaging model based on coherence change is better.

Aiming at the problem that the state-of-the-art geometric calibration methods have a long update period and low efficiency, a real-time calibration method that applies the optical auto-collimation principle to on-orbit monitoring is proposed. By installing collimated light sources, area-array CCDs, prisms, and other devices inside the satellite load system, changes in the camera parameters are converted into changes in the spot images. By extracting and processing the spot images, the variation of the camera parameters can be solved to achieve a fast and efficient on-orbit monitoring. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by building an experimental platform, and the monitoring accuracy of parameters in the pitch and roll directionsis are less than 1″, and the measurement error is better than 0.1″.

In order to meet the requirements of precision displacement feedback devices in microelectronics manufacturing equipment, a macro-micro composite grating ruler measurement system is proposed. First, the LabVIEW virtual instrument system is used for image data acquisition with high-speed. Then, the boundary of the amplified raster grating pattern is turned into lines with image processing method, which are later converted into pixel points, and the micro displacement in the motion process is compensated to improve the accuracy. The experiment results show that the proposed system can be used to keep the displacement error to 1.5 μm and the resolution to 0.275 μm with the motor speed of 1 mm/s and the distance of 100 mm. Compared with the traditional grating ruler measurement with moiré fringe electronically subdivided, the proposed measurement system can effectively eliminate the interference, such as grating scale damage, pollution, tilt and light source instability, on the measurement while maintaining the micron-level measurement accuracy, which is especially suitable for the long-distance measurement of open-scale grating ruler.

According to the structural characteristics of the entrance optics of self-developed solar spectral irradiance meter, the factors that introduce cosine error were analyzed. The cosine correction methods of direct irradiance, diffuse irradiance and diffuse-to-global ratio were studied. Laboratory measurements of cosine characteristic of solar spectral irradiance meter and a field campaign in Dunhuang with a variety of instruments involved were carried out. The results show that the cosine error is related to the structure and the black anodized inner wall of the input aperture, and it ranges from 4.3%~9.1% at the incident angle of 60° at 440 nm, 500 nm, 670 nm and 870 nm. Atmospheric optical thickness of the four bands retrieved from the direct irradiance obtained by solar spectral irradiance meter is severely affected by the cosine error, and the deviation of the atmospheric optical thickness before and after cosine correction is 0.11~0.13 and smaller than 0.012, respectively, compared with the CE318 sun photometer inversion results. Four-band diffuse irradiance increases by 6.8%~10% after cosine correction by assuming an isotropy distribution of sky radiance. Based on the sky radiance distribution data, an accurate correction method for diffuse irradiance was proposed. The simulation shows that the diffuse irradiance after cosine correction is in good agreement with the theoretical result, which proves the feasibility of the method.

A twisted-mode cavity end-pumped dual-frequency Nd∶YAG laser has been presented. The polarizing beam splitter is used as the polarizer and two quarter-wave plates are placed on each end of the gain medium Nd∶YAG crystal. The frequency difference of the dual-frequency laser can be continuously tuned through the whole cavity free spectral range, by rotating one of two quarter-wave plates in the plane perpendicular to the cavity axis. The theoretical analysis based on Jones matrices is made that the frequency difference is proportional to the rotation angle of the wave plate. The characteristics of twisted-mode cavity mode selection, mode splitting and polarization have been investigated experimentally. The results show that laser is output with the linearly polarized single longitudinal mode when the two quarter-wave plates are perpendicular, and the single longitudinal mode splits into two modes which are orthogonally linearly polarized modes while the twisted-mode cavity is detuning. The largest frequency difference obtained is about 3 GHz. Experimental results match well with the theoretical analysis. Such a continuous tunable dual-frequency Nd∶YAG laser with simple structure will find wide applications in the fields of laser interferometry, and microwave photoelectronics, etc.

A dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Yb∶GdYSiO5 laser based on a WS2 saturable absorber mirror was proposed. The WS2 nanoplatelets solution was coated on a BK7 glass substrate with high-reflective-index thin polymer to be a WS2 saturable absorber mirror for starting Q-switching operation. By tuning the resonant cavity and selecting a suitable pumping power, the stable Q-switched laser pulses at 1051 nm and 1091 nm were simultaneously generated with a 976-nm fiber-coupled diode laser as pump source. The laser pulses had a pulse duration of 8.4 μs, a repetition rate of 2.9 kHz, and an average output power of 125 mW, respectively.

A scheme for generating tunable chaotic signals with controllable bandwidth was proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on two weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diodes, which is realized by that the chaotic signal from a weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (named as master weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode) with tunable fiber Bragg grating optical feedback is unidirectionally injected into another weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode (named as slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode). The experimental results show that, through adjusting the central wavelength of tunable fiber Bragg grating and feedback strength, master weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode can output chaotic signal whose central wavelength can be tuned within the tunable range of tunable fiber Bragg grating. Further injecting the chaotic signal from master weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode into slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode, the bandwidth of the tunable chaotic signal can be adjusted within a large range by varying the injection power and detuning frequency.

A temporal-spatial fusion guidance system based on multiple sub-beam interference is proposed. The spatialwatermark pattern is combined with the temporal coded signal to produce a new temporal-spatial watermark coded signal. In the multiple sub-beam interference emission system, the laser is divided into several equal power sub-beams which can produce an effective spatial watermarking interference pattern due to their coherence. Calculation results show that the interference pattern appear special distribution features of alternating brightness and darkness. The operating range and the identification of the guidance system are improved by the watermark encoding mode. When the position offset and angle deviation of the beam splitter, which used in multiple sub-beams coherent emission system, are less than 0.1 λ(λ is the wavelength) and 0.1θ0(θ0 is the beam divergence), respectively, the effect of mechanical vibration on the emission system can be ignored.

A new type of aspheric artificial compound eye with variable focal length was proposed.The structure divides the curved compound eye into three fan shaped areas, and the focal lengh of the microlens in different areas is different, so that the artificial compound eye can achieve the focal length adjustment within a certain range.Through calculation and simulation analysis, aspheric surface optimization is carried out for the microlens structure at all levels. After optimization, the spherical difference value of each level of micrilens is 1/1000 before optimization, which improved the edge image quality of curved compound eyes. The aspherical artificial compound eye sample with the number of eyes of 61 and the diameter of the base of 8.66 mm is prepared by using the molding method. Calibrating the mutual relationship between the eyes of the child and establishing a mathematical model for the simultaneous identification of multiple sub eyes. The artificial compound eye imaging performance test and target positioning test platform are built. Through experimental verification, the artificial compound eye camera can acquire clear circular and cross-shaped light spot images. The size of images collected in each sector area is different, and the zoom imaging can be realized within a certain range. By capturing the target with multiple microlenses and the relationship between the incident angle and the center of gravity of the image point, the coordinates of the target point are calculated. The experimental results show that the positioning error value is less than 10%.

In this paper, using a fully digital programmable optical frequency comb, a new kind of programmable microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is proposed. The principle and experiments scheme are described according to the filtering model established. In experiments, a reconfigurable microwave photonic filter is achieved, showing a tunable range of 0.1~1 GHz, flat top of passband responses and tunable central frequency in a large range of 4~24 GHz. Compared with the microwave photonic filters based on analog signal control, this microwave photonic filter scheme is fully digitally controlled and programmable.

The methods of fitting the envelope of the transmission in a cascaded double-ring resonator sensor were studied. Different fitting functions was used to fit the double-ring transmission spectrum envelope and the fitting error by the single ring and vernier effect was analyzed. The theoretic calculation shows that the detection error of the sensor obtained by Gaussian fitting of the envelope is only 0.41% when the detection limit is increased by 10 times. The experimental results show that for the wavelength detection method, the detection error is as high as 14.96% without fitted. However, the sensor detection error is only 0.45% with Gaussian fitting function. The simulation and experimental results prove that the Gaussian function is the best fitting method, which can further improve the detection limit and the detection accuracy of the sensor based on vernier effect.

In this paper, the entropy squeezing of the two-level emitter interacting with vibrating graphene membrane system was investigated. The effects of coherence angle, the coupling coefficient between two-level emitter and the vibrating graphene membrane, and detuning between the transition frequency of two-level emitter and the driving field frequency on the entropy squeezing are analyzed. It is shown that the optimal entropy squeezed state can be generated by controlling the coherence angle, the coupling coefficient between two-level emitter and the vibrating graphene membrane, and the detuning between the transition frequency of two-level emitter and the driving field frequency. The proposal may provide a theoretical way to manipulate entropy squeezing of the two-level emitter in the system.

Zn0.97Ce0.03S optical gas sensing material was successfully prepared by high temperature solid phase method. A gas sensor is composed of Zn0.97Ce0.03S gas sensitive film, simple gas chamber, micro optical fiber spectrometer and supporting software was built to detect H2S gas. The experimental results confirm that the H2S gas sensor has the characteristics of good stability and strong anti-interference ability. By using the Stern-Volmer equation of fluorescence quenching principle, it was found that the measured H2S gas concentration had a linear relationship with the fluorescence quenching signal of the sensitive element. The sensor has a fast response and can be used to detect with high sensitivity of the low concentration H2S gas.

A theoretical model of the side-scattering lidar is established by semi-analytical Monte Carlo method. In the model, the side-scattering mechanism of the laser beam on the atmospheric aerosol is studied under multiple-scattering conditions. Through the theoretical simulation of the model, the spatial distribution of the side-scattered photons as well as the side-scattering intensity and the scattering coefficient curves are obtained. Comparing the scattering coefficient curves obtained by experiments and simulations under visibility conditions of 5.7 km, 8 km and 10.2 km, it is found that with the average scattering factor and the asymmetric factor (μs, g) at (0.7, 0.65), (0.45, 0.45) and (0.2, 0.35), the fit goodness is better than 95%.

In order to explore the factors that affect the phase transition response time of VO2 thin films irradiated by pulse laser, we simulated the irradiation process based on COMSOL. The physical model of irradiation VO2 thin films was established first, and the boundary conditions of the model were set, the infrared pulse laser irradiated three groups of VO2 thin films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy, and the average absorptivity of the film was obtained indirectly, the absorptivity experimental data was brought into the calculation model. The influence of laser power density, substrate thickness and initial temperature of VO2 thin films on the simulation results were considered in the simulation. Experimental results show that: increasing the laser power density and initial temperature, decreasing the base thickness can shorten the phase transition time of the film irradiation center. What′s more, the phase transition time and the laser power density show exponential decay trend. The 5 000 W/mm2 laser irradiated three groups of VO2 thin films, respectively, their base thickness are 0.15 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, the time of phase change is 157 ns, 250 ns and 455 ns respectively. The phase transition time decreases linearly with the initial temperature of the film. When the incident laser power level is not specified, we can apply a bias temperature which is close to the phase transition point on the VO2 film, and control the film substrate thickness to shorten the phase transition time. This study has certain guiding significance for the study of phase change response time in the VO2 thin films defensing laser jamming.

Using Al2O3 and AlF3, the high reflection in the deep ultraviolet band and the high transmission of the ultraviolet band to the visible band light was designed on the JGS1 substrate by the double-sided separation method. The preparation method of AlF3 evaporation rate is studied, and the influence of ion source assisted deposition technology on the absorption of coating materials in ultraviolet band is verified. The function relation between film thickness and electron beam evaporation features is established. The influence of the error is simulated with the help of the software. With the improvement of technology, the utilization rate of ultraviolet light is improved effectively. Finally, the average reflectivity of the filter film at 200～270 nm is 77.96%, and the average transmittance of 290～700 nm is 96.29%.

In order to increase the response sensitivity of detector and reduce the loss of light energy when a broad spectrum beam is incident, a kind of optical film is developed, which can realize anti-reflective at a broadband between ultraviolet-c and near infrared. Based on the anti-reflective thin film theory, combined with tunneling and automatic optimization, an evaluation function is established by comprehensively considering the factor effect of film thickness. By optimizing the deposition process, the transmittance of the anti-reflective coating is improved. The results of spectral tests show that the average transmittance in the bands of 200 nm to 900 nm is 95.7%, which satisfies the requirement of spectroscopy detection.