Taking account of the fact that the laser medium always cannot contact completely with the heat sink, the temperature of the laser medium is computed and its thermal effect is studied. Phase difference near the surface has a sizable fluctuation and therefore complicates the thermal effect. The fluctuation near the surface becomes greater with the increasing pump power, while the change of its depth is unconspicuous. The phase fluctuation as well as its depth reduces with the increasing contact area. At low pump power, the diffraction loss increases linearly with it, the larger the beam radius, the bigger the slope, when the pump power increases to some values, the slope becomes smaller, especially the beam with larger radius. Compared to the smaller radius beams, the larger radius beams has bigger losses for all powers. The variation of the diffraction loss with the contact area is not significant in small beam radius, while the diffraction loss increases with the contact area reduces in larger beam radius.

Near infrared laser illumination is in low illumination situation, using near infrared lasers as the light source for long-distance target active lighting. Because of the laser generation mechanism, the optical system tolerance, atmospheric turbulence and other factors, the laser intensity spatial distribution on the target plane is not uniform, which has great impact on image resolution and tracking accuracy. In this paper, the area surrounded by normalized PSD (power spectral density) is adopted to evaluate the near infrared laser illumination intensity uniformity. Using this method, different near infrared laser illuminator′s uniformity evaluation parameters are studied, in the same work condition. The results verify the reasonableness of the laser power spectrum as an evaluation parameter.

In order to design and optimize high frequency performances of laser diodes, accurate extraction methods for the rate equation parameters are very important. A method for the rate equation parameter extraction for long-wavelength and high-bandwidth buried tunnel junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is presented. This method bases on the threshold current, output power, resonance frequency, damping factor and nonlinear effect of the gain compression factor under high bias currents. By fitting the chip frequency responses with different bias currents, resonance frequency and damping factor values can be obtained. Finally, by considering gain compression factor and nonlinear fitting resonance frequency and damping factor values under different currents, parameters of rate equation model can be extracted.

A hybrid diffractive-refractive 60° field of view (FOV) eyepiece for head-mounted display (HMD) with a three-layer diffractive optical element (DOE) is designed, and the design performance is given. The diffraction efficiency of the three-layer diffractive optical element is larger than 90% at each FOV and wavelength in designed band, so that the utilization rate of energy and contrast ratio of image can be improved. The system has an 8 mm exit pupil and a 22 mm eye relief, and the feature of 8 g weight and 26.8 system size guarantee the lightness and compactness of the structure, which are well to be a eyepiece for HMD.

In order to meet the urgent requirements of detecting atmospheric trace gas in space, a limb sounder prototype of atmospheric trace gas for spaceborne remote sensing is designed and developed. The optical system of the prototype is composed of an off-axis parabolic telescope and a modified Czerny-Turner spectrometer, and the working wavelength band from 380 nm to 570 nm. The root-mean-square spot radius is less than 9 μm over. The astigmatism is corrected, and the good image quality is obtained over the working wavelength band. The mass of the prototype is 12 kg, the volume is 420×350×200 mm3, the spatial pixel resolution is 0.5 km, and the spectral resolution is 1nm, and all the requirements are satisfied. The field sounding experiment is implemented using the limb sounding prototype. The spectral data measured is compared with spectral data simulated, and consistent with spectral data, which indicates that the limb sounder prototype has good function and performance, and satisfies the application requirements of sounding of atmospheric trace gas.

A weak optical signal detection lens is designed by optical design software – ZEMAX.The optical system requires small distortion and large relative aperture, which can match with the near-infrared CCD image sensor, in order to realize real-time, fast, high-precision detection of the weak singlet oxygen signal. The optical system parameters are relative aperture 1∶0.86, semi-image high 6.3 mm, spectral range(1 250～1 290 nm), magnification 1X, distortion＜0.1%, and manual focus. On the other hand, the mechanical structure of the optical system is design using the software-Auto CAD. The symmetrical structure is used to reduce costs and independent filter switching mechanism to facilitate the adjustment of the experiment. The detected lens successfully collects better weak singlet oxygen signals in the research experiments.

On the basis of the assumption of Preston, the removal function of grinding head with petal-like section, in the form of dual-rotor movement, in the polishing process of optical elements, is studied and derived. A method, using a finite number of discrete points and its arc length to express the grinding head of petal-like section is proposed. And the scope of application of this method is figured out. On the basis of this method, the expression of the removal function of grinding head with petal-like section, in the form of dual-rotor movement, is derived. According to the curve approximation principle of adjustable steps, the approximation algorithm of Gaussian-like removal function, which is the target function, is studied. And the parameters of dual-rotor polishing modal with cosine-like removal function are got. It is proved that gaussian-like removal function can be got from polishing technology of dual-rotor movement.

The performance of the energy-saving lamp in the market has some disadvantages generally, such as low light efficiency, uneven illumintation and high-glare lighting. For this point, a high uniform and low glare LED eye protection lamp is designed. This design joined the aspheric reflector cup lampshade to collect a large angle of light emitted by the LED light source, which raised the light energy utilization and improved glare. This design added the light distribution lens to eliminate the center bright spots which exist in receiving plane and solve the illumination problem. Finally, the entity modeling was carried out by ProE 3D and imported into the TracePro light simulation software. The simulative analysis results show that the design of this LED lamp can realise low glare and can be more uniform illumination within the receiving plane, which with working distance of 450 mm and diameter of 700 mm , it allows up to 497.1 lx of average illumination, and the evenness can reach up to about 0.9. In the rapid development of LED lighting products, this kind of high uniformity and low glare LED eye protection table lamp design scheme has wide and bright practical and applicative prospect.

Errors will be introduced in the fabrication process of InP arrayed waveguide grating, consequently affect the performance. To control errors best, and improve the performance of the device, the systematic errors and random errors of InP-based arrayed waveguide grating was analyzed by adopting transmission function method. It is come to a conclusion from the simulation result of systematic errors that: the deviation of effective index of the deep-ridge waveguide nc changes every 0.000 1, the central wavelength shifts 0.05 nm. The length difference of adjacent arrayed waveguides ΔL changes every 0.01 μm, the central wavelength shifts 0.44 nm. They will consequently cause the shift of whole optical spectrum, but the channel spacing and crosstalk will not be changed. The deviation of the radius of Rowland circle will not change the central wavelength but change the channel spacing. R increases every 50 μm, the channel spacing decreases 0.03 nm. According to the simulation result of random errors: the refractive index of core layer, the cladding layer and the substrate layer of the waveguide, the waveguide width and the thickness of core layer′s random fluctuation can deep affect the crosstalk. According to the analysis above, central wavelength and channel spacing can be tuned by changing different parameters, thereby, improving the optical performance of the arrayed waveguide grating.

A new style low loss and low polarization loss special asymmetric 1×5 optical power splitter is designed and optimized. The combination structure of gradually broadening waveguide and wide straight transition waveguide is introduced in the input waveguide during designing the Y-branch. The input optical field become gradually wide, the loss of Y-branch is obviously deceased. The power of first output port and second to fifth output port take 50% respectively. The three dimension beam propagation method is used to simulate and optimize the special asymmetric 1×5 optical power splitter, the simulation result indicate that the 1×5 splitter have the good uniformity, low insert loss, low polarization loss, and small dimension. Between the wavelength range 1 250~1 650 nm, the excess loss, the uniformity and polarization loss of first output port is less than 0.07 dB, 0.023 dB and 0.009 dB respectively. The uniformity and polarization loss of second to fifth output port is less than 0.45 dB, 0.41 dB and 0.06 dB respectively.

Based on the coupled mode theory, analytical expression of crosstalk per unit length between two dielectric waveguides is derived. The minimum separation and center-to-center separation of two dielectric waveguides under certain crosstalk are defined. The minimum center-to-center separation serves as a measure of waveguide integration. The influences of waveguide size and refractive index difference on the minimum center-to-center separation are investigated. The analysis and simulation results indicate that strongly confined waveguides have small minimum separation and center-to-center separation. Under the condition of large refractive index difference, the minimum separation can be reduced to less than 1 μm. The minimum center-to-center separation has a minimum value for given wavelength and refractive index distribution.

An all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor based on Bitaper-LPFG-Bitaper structure is proposed and fabricated, and the temperature sensing characteristic of the sensor is analyzed. The experimental results show that the sensor presents different characteristics at the different resonance wavelengths by changing the distance between the two bitapers, for the fixed structures parameters of the two bitapers and LPFG. The sensitivity of the sensor reduces with the increasing distance between the two bitapers at the shorter resonance wavelength, but increases at the longer resonance wavelength. When the length of the sensor is 16.5 cm, its sensitivity reaches 0.102 06 nm/℃ around 1 680 nm. The research work is important for the optimization design of temperature sensor consisting of bitaper and LPFG.

A broadband light source with high spectrum intensity in 500~800 nm is required to ensure a good performance in optical displacement sensor. Considering the lighting LED’s low spectrum intensity after 700 nm, a broadband LED source was developed for optical displacement sensor. Firstly, tests on wavelength sensitive detector WS 7.56 fixed at the back end of optical displacement sensor were performed and the threshold of the light source spectrum intensity to ensure the linearity of optical displacement sensor was proposed. Then, by using (oxy) nitride red phosphors to enhance the LED spectrum intensity of red light to infrared, the broadband LED source was developed to satisfy the threshold of the light source spectrum intensity. Finally, a good performance of the broadband LED was proved by displacement sensing experiments. The broadband LED source is comparatively a perfect light source which can satisfy the needs of optical displacement sensor and have superiority in size and efficiency.

Equipped with a tilt mirror and micro-mirror replacing the moving mirror, a novel Fourier transform spectrometer is proposed based on programmable Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems(MEMS) micro-mirror. Firstly, the working principle and the tolerance of the tilting mirror is analyzed systematically and validated experimentally. Theory results show that the limited tilt angle is 0.52° and the spectrum resolution is 8 nm in the near infrared region; while the limited tilt angle is 0.183°, the spectrum resolution is 3 nm in the visible region. Experimental measurement shows that the spectra can be reconstructed accurately in the tolerance of the tilting mirror with central wavelength 488 nm laser soure and polychromatic light soure, while distorted badly out of the tolerance range.

A discriminant manifold learning approach for hyperspectral image dimension reduction was proposed. In order to overcome the high dimensional and high redundancy of remotely sensed earth observation images, a modified manifold learning algorithm was suggested for dataset linear dimensional reduction to improve the performance of image classification. The proposed method addressed the discriminative information of given training samples into the current manifold learning framework to learn an optimal subspace for subsequent classification, in particular, the linearization of discriminant manifold learning is introduced to deal with the out of sample problem. Experiments on hyperspectral image demonstrated that the proposed method could achieve higher classification rate than the conventional image classification technologies.

In order to reduce the adverse impact of the inhomogeneous of pulverized coal components, different optical path systems were set up and used to research the collection performances of plasma of pulverized coal by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The coal samples, Shenmuhun, was chosen for experiment. The detected count and stability of special lines of coal in different optical collection were investigated on the self-built two-phase particle flow experiment bench, which was used to produce stable pulverized coal stream. The analysis results show that in the steadily repeat measurements, the counts of the lines collected by back-side are weaker because of the intermediate perforated mirror, while the stability of the lines collected by side are worse because of the position change of plasma along the laser beam, the spatial inhomogeneity of plasma and the blocking effect of pulverized coal.

In order to obtain color fidelity of reconstructed image before the computer generated rainbow hologram printed and reconstructed optically, a color difference test method based on numerical reconstruction is proposed. Firstly, the computer generated rainbow hologram is analyzed in special frequency domain. The relationships between reconstruction parameters and special frequency distribution are concluded. Then, the spectrum distributions of reconstructed images are obtained through simulated reconstruction of computer generated rainbow hologram by filtering in frequency domain. Moreover, the color difference of reconstructed image is calculated in CIE1976UCS uniform color space. Seven color cards are designed and with its computer generated rainbow holograms. The color differences are tested with the proposed method.The optical experiments are designed with the illumination of halogen light source. The results and analysis are presented and show that the proposed method is effective and fast way for the analysis of spectral distribution and color difference of computer generated rainbow hologram.

In order to solve the problems of the complex optical multi objective group’s detection and tracking, presented an extended group-target concepts and multimode detection and tracking method. Analysis of extended group-target’s characteristics of complex form, many number of individual target, change quickly, detection and tracking difficult , and its requirement of detection and tracking. The detection algorithm of small target, extended target, high contrast and multi frame difference detection algorithm to complete the entire field-of-view target populations in the intact detection. Then based on the judgment of target′s trajectory coincidence with its practical position and the predicted position to realize target′s multi-feature track association, combined with contrast tracking, correlation tracking as a supplement to the main and auxiliary type multimode tracking technology to realize group-target′s tracking. The application results show that, extended group-target multimode detection and tracking method for complex multi target group detection efficiency, tracking accuracy were greatly increased, to meet the requirements of complex optical target group′s integrity detection and accurate tracking.

Combined Gauss function with Maximum Average Correlation Height (MACH) algorithm, Gauss-Maximum Average Correlation Height (GMACH) filter is designed. The Hybrid-Distortion target (existing the scale distortion and rotation distortion simultaneously) could be recognized with GMACH filter. In order to improve the Hybrid-Distortion target response ability of the GMACH filter, the standard deviation σ, output noise variance coefficient α, the average correlation energy coefficient β and average similarly measure coefficient γ are optimized and balanced. Through the simulation experiment, it is known that the arbitrary hybrid-distortion target can be recognized by a single GMACH filter within the distortion tolerance range (the scale distortion tolerance is 0.92~1.16 times and the rotation distortion tolerance is －8~24 degrees). As experiment example, a plane under cluttered background was recognized using the GMACH filter. Experiment results prove the feasibility of this method.

A novel method for computing kinoform of 3D object based on traditional iterative Fourier transform algorithm is described. The method divides three-dimensional object into many object planes by tomographic technique and treat every object plane as a target image, then iterative computation is carried out between one input plane(kinoform) and several output planes(reconstruction images). A space phase factor is added into iterative process to represent depth characters of 3D object. The experimental result shows that this algorithm computational and convergent velocity is fast. At last, the influences of object planes number and distance to reconstruction quality of kinoform are analyzed, and time-division multiplexing technique is used to reconstruct several object planes based on spatial light modulator.

Aiming at the characteristics of the gun code image that characters are easy to wear and contrast gradient is too large or too small, a binarization method based on wavelet packet filter floating threshold and Niblack method is proposed. Firstly, the image is filtered using wavelet packet filter and binarized with the low pass image after filtering. Then, the image is binarized with the Niblack method to obtain the second fusing image. Finally, two fusing images are merged based on the minimum principle of image gray values to get the final binarization image. Experimental results show that the method has a good performance in binarization effect and adaptation range and can imply in many situation.

To obtain the weak signal light detection from the high background noise, a study on ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) at the 87Rb D1 line, 5S1/2F=2→5P1/2 F′=1transmission (795 nm) is demonstrated experimentally. A sample cell filled with Rubidium atoms in which the proportion of 87Rb is greater than that of the nature rubidium is placed in a homogeneous magnetic field between two crossed Glan-Thompson polarizers. The incident probe light goes through the sample cell, and interacts with the atoms.Because of the Faraday rotation, the function of the filter can be realized. When the experiment condition changed, the result of transmission spectrum changed accordingly. With the temperature rising from 340 K to 360 K, the variation of the transmission spectrum is recorded particularly.And the reason for the variation is analyzed carefully. At a proper temperature and magnetic field, a transmission spectrum narrowed to ~220 MHz is obtained, and the peak transmission is about 48%. The performance of the87Rb D1 line is better than that of the 85Rb.

Based on one-sided Fourier transformation, a general method is presented to research the spontaneous decay dynamics of an emitter in homogeneous media, non-leaky cavity, leaky cavity and photonic band gap material. It is found that the spontaneous decay properties of the emitters are strongly dependent on the local density of states. The spontaneous emission properties of the emitters can be manipulated through engineering the local density of stats and the high-performance optoelectronic device and quantum information processing device are obtained. This method can be used in Markovian or non-Markovian bath-reservoir environments.

The discrete particles and their existing space are supposed as a continuous medium, and its equivalent dielectric constant of the composite medium is developed. By using this constant and the attenuations induced by rainfall recommended by ITU, the dielectric constant is completely determined in GHz wave band and its validity is tested. The analytical expression of complex scattering field for a target in rainfall is presented. So the complex differential scattering in rainfall is simulated. The influences of rain, frequency and polarization etc on the scattering field are researched. Computations show that the influence induced by the rainfall on the differential scattering cross section is about 10－3 dB, and the effect produced by the vertical polarization wave is bigger than that resulted by the parallel polarization wave. The obtained result provides a reference in precision guide and target identification.

Based on the Faraday magneto-optical effect, 2D optical imaging of magnetic field of the permanent magnets is carried out using an applicable optical system with the ZF6 glass as the magneto-optic medium. Original pictures are acquired using a self-programmed software, and processed using a self-programmed image processing software, thus polarization analysis is completed. The permanent magnet field distribution images are obtained under the transmission imaging and the reflection imaging respectively. These images reflect the actual magnetic field distribution. This experiment provides an effective means for observation and measurement of macroscopic magnetic field.