The novel high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSEL) with radial bridge electrode is fabricated in order to improve the thermal characteristics and increase the out power of high power VCSEL.The analysis on the model of the high-power VCSEL shows the radial bridge electrode can reduce the electric and thermal resistance and the Joule heat of VCSEL.The radial brigde electrode and the conventional electrode high power VCSEL both with 200 μm aperture are made and tested comparatively.The testing results show that the differential resistance of the VCSEL is 0.43 Ω and the out power is 340 mW,1.7 times higher than the conventional device,which can operate at higher up to 80 ℃,and its thermal resistance is 0.95 ℃/mW.The temperature and opto-electric characteristics of radial bridge electrode high power VCSEL are much better than those of the conventional electrode high power VCSEL.

An effective ‘Forecast-correction fourth-order Runge-Kutta′ numerical method is programmed to study the propagation characteristics of ultra-short laser pulse in inhomogeneous broadening two-level medium.The results show that the pulse propagation can be modulated by the inhomogeneous broadening line-width.While the inhomogeneous broadening line-width is greater than the pulse spectrum width,the evolution of pulse area consists with the area theorem,and the pulse propagation maintains stability.With decreasing line-width,the evolution of pulse area becomes complex,and pulse propagation no longer maintains stability and with a "tail" oscillation.The pulse peak and pulse propagation velocity can also be modulated by the line-width.

The dependence of noncollinear angle and the corresponding grating periods on signal wavelength for satisfying quasi phase-matching and group velocity matching simultaneously of periodically poled RbTiOAsO4 in noncollinear quasi phase-matched are carried out.The tuning characteristic of noncollinear interaction in group velocity matching situation is analyzed.The dependence of the gain bandwidth on the noncollinear angle,temperature,crystal angle and grating periods are simulated in detail.The dependence of gain bandwidth on crystal temperature for the biggest gain bandwidth and group velocity matching is compared in detail.

In this paper,a method of twice sampling based on split-step Fourier method was developed to analyze and simulate the supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber pumped by sub-nanosecond laser pulse. Applying this method to generalized nonlinear Schrdinger equation,much operation time was saved in Supercontinuum simulation,and the simulated spectrum agrees well with the experimental result under the same conditions. Also,the slight dissimilarities between the simulated spectrum and the experimental one were discussed. The simulated supercontinuum with 1.15W power generated in 1.8 m Photonic Crystal Fiber and the evolution of spectrum by our work can give reference for improving further experiment setup.

Silver nanofluid is prepared by a micro-emulsion method.The birefringence of this silver nanofluid is investigated by a He-Ne laser (λ = 632.8 nm).The wave vector of optical wave is perpendicular to the direction of applied electric fields,and the angle of incidence thought fluids is about 5°.The results show that the silver nanofluid without electric fields does not exhibit the birefringence,while the birefringence appears when the electric field is applied to the silver nanofluid.For the same electric field,the refraction indexes of both o-light and e-light increase with the increment of silver concentration.But,the refraction indexes of nanofluids with a fixed silver concentration decrease with the increment of electric field strength.The results show that the change of refraction index of e-light is more than that of o-light.

Manganese-doped zinc oxide tetropods were fabricated of pure ZnO,MnO,and graphite power mixtures on a silicon wafer coated with a thin layer of copper as catalyst through vapor-phase transport method.The morphology,structure,and composition of samples were measured and examined by x-ray diffraction pattern,electron diffraction pattern,scanning electron microscopy picture,and high revolution transition electron microscopy images.Compared with un-doped samples fabricated under the same conditions,PL spectrum,and mechanism were analyzed by the combination of Raman scattering spectra and photoluminescent excitation spectra.The results that Mn-doped samples,showing hexagonal hollow shape with multitips at the front and inner,are composed of wurtzite ZnO growing along[0001] direction;both intensity and width of UV band reduced,and a new emission peak at 415 nm emerged,were observed from Mn-doped samples′ PL spectrum.According to analysis based on Raman scattering and photoluminescent excitation spectra measurement,these properties should be attributed to the function as nonradiation recombination centers and d-d transition from excited states to ground state of Mn2+ s,which were placed substitutionally in a cation site of ZnO host lattice.

Using thiol and acrylate as monomer,the absorption peaks of ene before and after polymerization are studied using FTIR spectrometer.The relationship of conversion rate and temperature is studied.A polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal device (PSFLCD) is fabricated and the amount of monomer is 10%.The relationship between conversion rate and orientation order of ferroelectric liquid crystal is studied.It shows that,the conversion increases with the increase of temperature and the orientation order of ferroelectric liquid crystal.The conversion rate is dominated by the orientation order of ferroelectric liquid crystal,and SmA is the best polymerization when fabricating a polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal device.

In view of pipelines laid in landslide mass,a security monitoring system is proposed.A method for evaluating maximum strain value based on strains of three points on the pipeline is presented.Temperature compensated FBG strain sensors are used in monitoring the strains of pipeline.The strain data of pipeline measured by sensors after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake is analyzed.The analysis results show that the earthquake has remarkable impact on landslide,which is proved by large displacement of shallow sliding plane.Strains of the pipeline increase obviously but the total value is less than pre-warning threshold,therefore,the pipeline is under security condition.

An environment refractive index sensor composed of two identical coupling microfiber was demonstrated.Due to the presence of evanescent-wave at the surface of microfiber,the slight variation of the environment refractive index outside the microfiber will result in the change of the evanescent-wave and therefore results in the redistribution of energy in two arm of the coupler.In the experiment,the concentration of the glucose solution was sensed by measuring the ratio of output powers at two ends of the coupler.The experiment result shows that the sensitivity of this sensor is as high as 1.58 mol·L－1.The relationship between coupling efficiency and the environment refractive index is analyzed in detail based on a coupled mode theory.It is found that the sensitivity of this sensor can be further enhanced by decreasing the diameter of microfiber,or by increasing the wavelength of the incident light,or by increasing the length of coupling region.

In order to achieve automatic monitor the seepage of dam,a monitoring structure with fiber Bragg grating sensors using spectral imaging technique and the multi-point sensing network system is proposed.The fiber grating sensor system structure with linear InGaAs array and diffraction grating is designed.With the analysis results from laboratory of precision and reliability in seepage monitoring,the 0.009 1 nm/℃ wavelength-temperature response sensitivity of the Fiber Bragg Grating sensors used for temperature field monitoring of dam is presented.By analyzing the signal resolution factor of the multi-point sensor,the multiple sensors multiplexing of the testing system determined by dominated optical source bandwidth are researched.By using multiple fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors embedded into dam,the multi-point measurement of temperature differences is achieved to realize seepage monitoring of dam.Engineering practice shows that the system of seepage monitoring of dam has good performance in resistance to thunderbolts and disturbances as compared with conventional instruments.

A sensor solution for weak vibration based on Fiber Bragg Grating Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity is designed and experimentally demonstrated,in which a laser with single-frequency is used as the light source.The F-P cavity is affixed to the cantilever structure of even distribution of strain along the axis and the pair of fiber Bragg gratings as the cavity reflectors is placed freely.The vibration spreading to fiber grating F-P cavity through the cantilever beam vibration,causes changes in cavity length,thus changing the reflective light intensity of fiber grating F-P cavity.Theoretical analysis indicates that,the amplitudes and frequencies of vibration can be measured by demodulating the peaks and frequencies of the signal.The experimental results of measuring artificial vibration simulated with PZT agree with the theory well.This sensor has high measuring accuracy and can be used for detecting weak vibration.

Based on the characteristics of compound permittivity of metal film and the perturbation to wave-vector of surface plasmon wave,the full wave half maxium of optical spectrum has been investigated under the surface plasmon resonance sensors in wavelength interrogation.A mathematical expression has been established to describe the relation between the FWHM and parameters of the SPR sensors.The oretical research is consistent with previous experimental results and it could be employed to be theoretical guidance in optimizing properties of SPR sensors.

To eliminate the vibration sensitivity,a light path improved method isproposed,which makes dis charge of Sagnac effect with Sagnac effect itself and do not disturb Farady effect at all.Then the polarization states of the lights spreading in the improved light path are analyzed with Jones matrix.The experiment results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results,which shows that the output of the improved sensor has nothing to do with vibration.After the coupling of the half-waveplate in sensing fiber,the vibration sensitivity of Sagnac fiber-optic current sensor has been eliminated.A feasible method for the practical use of Sagnac fiber-optic current sensor is provided.

The Cu thin film growth process on Cu (100) metal substrate is investigated using a three-dimensional kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) method.Four kinetic processes are included in the proposed model:deposition,adatom diffusion,dimer diffusion and ledge adatom diffusion.The activation energies for these three diffusion events are calculated using the embedded-atom method.The dependence of the Cu thin film growth on process parameters,including substrate temperature,deposition rate and coverage,is discussed using the KLMC model.The results show that,as the substrate temperature increases or the deposition rate decreases,the average size of the islands becomes bigger and the number of the islands decreases.As the temperature is low,the film shows fractal growth;at higher temperature,the island becomes compact and more regular in shape.And the higher the temperature,the smaller the Cu thin film surface roughness.When the substrate temperature is lower than the transition temperature,the surface roughness increases as the deposition rate and (or) the coverage increases.At higher temperature,the surface roughness is almost the same for different deposition rates or the coverage.

Mg0.33Zn0.67Ofilm was prepared on silicon(100) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering (RFMS) method.Structure and optical properties of Mg0.33Zn0.67Ofilm were studied.Result indicates that Mg0.33Zn0.67O film deposited on Si substrate is hexagonal wurtzite structure.The growth orientation of the film is along c axis and the lattice of c axis orientation increases 0.03 nm.The film is present superior semiconductor property.The absorption peak of exciton is at 297 nm and the band gap of film is about 4.3 eV.The average grain diameter is about 20 nm.The fluorescent emission peak is at 368 nm under deep-ultraviolet excitation.

A new type of portable multispectral imager consisting of off the Shelf focal plane arrays CCD camera,camera lens and Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) is presented.The LCTF used as a dispersion element is placed between the camera lens and CCD.This multispectral imager can perform multispectral image data acquisition experiment under active and passive illuminating condition,the spectrum range is 400~720 nm,and the spectral resolution is 10 nm.The numerical model of multispectral image acquisition is formulated,and the source of error is analyzed.A multispectral image data acquisition experiment under natural lighting condition is carried out,the target is a plant in pot,a multispectral image datacube is constructed and the spectrum of typical object point is illustrated.

SiO2 and CdSe are used to construct one-dimensional photonic crystal in visible region,including the introduction of LiTaO3 defect layer.The formation of photonic band gaps is exhibited and confirmed by a calculation of the transfer matrix method (TMM).There becomes defect modes in the photonic forbidden band gap compared with the photonic crystals without defects.The position,amount and reflection properties of the defect modes are related with the form of defect and the thickness of defect and periodicity of photonic crystals.It is shown that the variety of the width of impure layer in one-dimensional photonic crystal and the periods number layers of photonic crystal can alter the transmission,the location and numbers of photonic defect mode.When the thickness of LiTaO3 inserts layer is regulated properly,for instance,the defect module can be appeared on red light,yellow light area of visible region.The structure should enable new applications for photonic crystal devices design.

Based on the Mie scattering theory and the low density approximation,anderson localization of GaP photonic crystal is calculated theoretically and the factors are analyzed which influence on the anderson localization parameter.The results show that the photonic crystal of GaP has anderson localization phenomenon in middle infrared with the condition of density of 10% and the ratio of refractive index of larger than 3.8 and without the absorption.With the increase of the particle′s radius,the localization area shifts to long wavelength.And,the increase of medium′s refractive index makes the localization phenomenon weak,which provides theory reference to research anderson localization phenomenon of GaP photonic crystal.

The three-dimensional distribution properties of acoustic standing wave field are studied using digital holographic interferometry.By numerically reconstructing the digital hologram,the intensity and phase distribution of acoustic standing wave field is obtained,from which the three-dimensional distributing curve of acoustic standing wave field is also reconstructed with Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques(ART) algorithm.It is shown that the digital holographic interferometry and Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques algorithm is a effective method for measuring and reconstructing three-dimensional acoustic standing wave field.

According to the resonant equation of waveguide microring resonator,the athermal condition and the temperature-dependence of resonant wavelength are deduced.The temperature-dependent properties of PSQ polymer based waveguide microring resonator are analyzed.By choosing proper polymer substrate to substitute the traditional silicon substrate,the temperature sensitivity of polymer waveguide microring resonator can be suppressed greatly,and the choice method for optimal polymer substrate is given.The results show that the designed all polymer waveguide microring resonator has the maximal resonant wavelength shift of －0.008 5 nm and the maximal wavelength shift slope of －0.000 90 nm·K－1 during the temperature variation from 20 ℃ to 65 ℃,and the athermalization is achieved.

Tunable-focus liquid lens is considered as a kind of novel device based on biological vision system,which has many advantages such as little volume and weight,easily to be integrated and active zooming. A method of designing zoom optical system without moving lens is demonstrated according the theory of Gaussian optics,in which the liquid lenses are used as core elements. And a bifocal zoom endoscope system is presented,in which the curvature of the liquid lens can be controlled by air pressure or hydraulic pressure. A zooming factor of 1.5 is realized. And the acceptable imaging quality is gotten at both focal length of 1.8 mm and 2.7 mm of the system.

Based on optical quality metrics of human eyes,the counterbalanced relationship between defocus and spherical aberration for wave-front aberration data of preoperative and postoperative myopic eyes is studied.The results show that defocus can not obviously compensate spherical aberration for preoperative patients.But the counterbalanced relationship can be distinctly observed for the postoperative patients,which reveals that the remained defocus can partially ameliorate the influence of the increased higher-order aberrations after corneal refractive surgery on visual performance.For postoperative patients,more than 20% improvement of optical quality can be achieved when the remained defocus ranges from 0.27D to 0.74D.More than 80% of eyes can achieve better visual performance when the remained defocus ranges from 0.3D to 0.75 for a design of vision correction.

In order to eliminate distortions of stereo image,the paraxial magnification of stereoscopic camera and reproduction system need to be studied.The paraxial magnification formula was rederived and discussed.The new formula adds a coefficient to represent the paraxial magnification of observation and reproduction which is in the ratio of the image distance to the distance between the eyes and screen.The formula accords with the result of verifying experiment.It is important for further study on the distortions elimination of stereoscopic camera and display system.

The designed imaging system is the device that measures the continuous spectrum in visible light.In the system,the liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) is used as the spectrum-dividing component.CMOS is used as the receiver component.The spectral resolution is 0.5 nm.We grind material into powder or chip them only.It keeps the basic shape of the crude drugs because it does not need sublimating and solvents.The experimental result shows:In visible light,this device can distinguish five traditional Chinese medicine according to absorption spectrum curve of crude drugs.The system adopts noncontact measurement.the detection procedure is fast and non-destructive.

In order to reduce the influence on the digital refocusing,the structure registration error in the light field camera is discussed. As for the camera in which the microlens array arranged in Matrix-style,the registration error sources are analyzed. The most important registration errors including coupled distance error,rotation error and inclination error are represented. And the registration limit conditions for the three situations respectively are suggested. The simulation experiments show that when the registration limit is exceeded,the reconstructed image will appear blurred,aliasing and other distortion,and the accurate refocusing range will be reduced.

The theory and experiment method to measure the detonation temperature by means of CIS are studied.A new type system,transient multi-wavelength detonation temperature measuring system,which is reasonable to practical measuring equipment,is presented.The system is calibrated by measuring the standard spectrum of the laser.Combined with multi-wavelength color temperature regression analysis arithmetic,the system is able to measure the temperature of fast varying halide tungsten light and its temperature varying curve with time.

Aiming at the striping noise existing in IIM (the Imaging Interferometer carried by Chang’E Lunar Orbiter) data,the Fourier transform algorithm and the linear interpolation algorithm are experimentally utilized for strip noise removal in IIM images.A modified linear interpolation algorithm is proposed,which combines low rank algorithm with high rank algorithm.After noise location,high rank interpolation or linear interpolation is used by judging whether the pixel difference between the upper and lower lines goes up to the threshold.Comparison of mean values,standard deviations,and the IQ (Image Quality) factor shows that this modified method is evidently superior to the linear algorithm because the IQ factor of two methods is respectively 13.908 and 19.842 8.

An image edge-preserving disposal method using wavelet transform is presented and analyzed in detail.The method combines 2-D wavelet transform with maximum a posteriori estimation algorithm.The application of the method to the infrared focal plane Arrays image is described in order to meet the demands of accuracy,clarity,no distortion in the processing of image.The experimental results show that this method ease the image distortion,yoke the “artificial ghost”,and make the image more clarity indeed.

A digital system of edge detecting based on a single FPGA is designed.By analyzing the signal of CCD output and the grads of grey scale breaks at the edge of picture the pixel edge of picture,the gauss filter is used to remove the noise,the pixel edge of picture is detected by the edge algorithm which can be used to detect the edge of picture automatically,and the least-squares polynomial fitting algorithm is used to detect the sub-pixel edge of picture.FPGA device is used as the core of the system and the carrier of digital circuit.The system is designed with VHDL and image input in Quartus Ⅱ 7.2 software.It is proved that the resolution nearly achieves 1/60 pixel width and can be used in the development of photoelectrical autocollimation.

A new automatic approach based on multiple features integration is proposed to interpret urban remote sensing images more effectively and comprehensively.The approach builds a hierarchical objects network to organize image structure and gets precise processing units.Then the probabilistic learning integrating multiple features including colour,texture,shape and position are performed to train a best classifier,and label all of the objects according to their classification values.The approach also applies spatial smoothing which incorporates contextual information to eliminate the adverse effects caused by background disturbance,occlusion and so on.After vectorization procedure,final results are given.Experiments demonstrate that proposed approach achieve high exactness and robustness in interpreting manifold urban remote sensing images.

In order to minimize the impact of anthropogenic factor and to study the relationships between dimple diameter and common mechanical properties,computer image processing technology is introduced to measure and count the size and number of dimples in metallographic image formed by ductile fracture.The dimples are segmented very well by using an adaptive method for image thresholding based on index of fuzziness.An improved multiregional area algorithm based on Freeman chain is presented.It proves that this algorithm can detect and measure dimple diameter rapidly and accurately.It also provides quantitative results for further classify and analysis of dimples.

A new segmentation method based on mean shift and fuzzy integral algorithm is proposed to overcome the problems of hyperspectral image processing.A hyperspectral image is grouped into several band subset images according to their correlation relationship.Then,the dimension of each subset band image is reduced by principle component analysis.To segment each subset band image quickly,the mean shift algorithm is employed to find the cluster centers.And,the segmentation results are fused by fuzzy integral.Simulation results show the effectiveness of this method.

A novel optical packet switching scheme,in which an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) signal is generated as a label,is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The 10 Gb/s OOK optical payload and the 2.5 Gb/s OFDM optical label are produced by intensity modulation of two continuous waves with different wavelength,respectively.In the experiment,the eye diagrams of the payload,constellation diagrams of the label and the BER curves of the label and payload are obtained,when the optical packets were transmitted on optical fiber or not.It is experimentally demonstrated that the power penalties for the payload and the label after 40 km fiber transmission are 1 dB and 0.5 dB,respectively.The scheme is easy to implement,so it can be used in an optical label switched network.

In order to analyze influence of the external factors to the tracking precision of space-ground optical communication,the platform vibration,atmospheric turbulence,and background light are studied,and can be attributed to the influence of tracking precision.Tracking simulation system is founded on the basis of measured platform vibration data.The compositive influence of various factors to tracking precision is analyzed under different conditions.Based on the assumptions,coarse tracking can well suppress the vibration of mobile platform on ground and ensure that laser beam can enter fine tracking field;the middle atmospheric turbulence increases the standard deviation of fine tracking error to about four times;if low altitude area is selected as examination spot,atmospheric turbulence will increase standard deviation of fine tracking error to about two times.

Using Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction integral,three-dimensional light field complex amplitude function is presented when linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beam passes through a high numerical-aperture system with primary coma aberration.In the case of linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beam,the intensity distribution of polarization components at the focal plane are simulated under different comatic aberration coefficients.It is shown that the primary coma aberration makes the intensity distribution transform into uniaxial symmetry from biaxial symmetry,and the position of all high intensity lobes is taken a shift.For large primary coma aberration,interference fringe presents.

Based on the Maxwell equation,the Fresnel formulae is generalized to the metamaterials,from which the formula for calculating the phase shift of reflective wave is obtained.The reflective phase changes at the interfaces between single-negative materials and positive materials are studied.The results show that the reflection from the interfaces of the single-negative materials is similar to that of the total reflection of the conventional materials.

According to magneto-optic (MO) Bragg diffraction and modulation effects in the interaction between the amplitude-modulated magnetostatic forward volume waves and guided optical waves,the operating principle of space-integrating MO correlators is described.The analytic expressions for the envelope of detected band-pass signal associated with normalized correlation integral are obtained and used to analyze the performance of the space-integrating MO correlators dependent on the intensity of microwave RF signals.It is shown that,in the range of small signals,the peak value of normalized envelope is approximately proportional to the RF-driven power and the MO correlation can be strictly realized with the processing gain of 20 dB or more.

The transport of transverse magnetic (TM) mode in 2-dimension random scattering media is numerically investigated with finite-difference time-domain methods.And through Fourier transformation,the spectra of long-life localized modes in random media with different parameters are obtained.The spectra of long-life modes in random media are regularly grouped in distinct frequency windows after the broad-band excitation.A simple physical model is established to elucidate the phenomena of distinct frequency windows reasonablly.The research results indicate that the forming mechanism of long-life modes in random media is totally similar to that of cold modes in traditional standing-wave cavity.

A new sparse aperture configuration composed by nine sub-apertures is proposed.The pupil function of the new configuration is given and the characteristic of its pupil function is analyzed.The simulation of the new configuration with different fill factors is done by computer.The characteristics of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the changes of the equivalent diameter are analyzed.The new configuration has a large and uniform coverage in the frequency field.By comparing the new configuration with the Tri-Arms configuration,the result shows that:the new configuration is better than the Tri-Arms configuration in the equivalent diameter and the uniformity of the MTF.The new configuration has advantages in remote imaging.

By the analysis of the action characteristic of the beam-splitter,presenting a method of generating the single-photon entangled states utilizing optics beam-splitter and single-photon source. A scheme on entanglement concentration of the single-photon entanglement states is designed. In this scheme,the two single-photon partially entangled states are utilized as the quantum channel. The process of the entanglement concentration is achieved by using the 50/50 symmetric beam splitters,the photon detectors and with the help of classical information. Results show that to distill some maximally entangled states from partially entangled pure states is possible by using this method.

A scheme of one-way communication is presented using four-dimension two-particle system,which is based on the superdense coding combined with the classical binary coding.The information sender performs a unitary operation on the particles,and sends the particles to the information receiver.Then information receiver performs a joint measurement on the two particles after receiving the sender’s particles.The information receiver can know the information sent by the senter according to the joint measurement results and the encoding rules.In this scheme,four-bit classical information can be encoded after performing one unitary transformation.The security of the one-way communication scheme is also analysed.

The time evolution properties of photon distribution in the interaction of entangled double atoms and coherent field are studied by means of numerical calculation.The results show that the coherent field which has not photon anti-bunching and photon sub-Poisson distribution can gain these non-classical properties through the interaction with the entangled double atoms.And it is found that with the intensifying of entangle between initial state non-classical properties of photon distribution will increase corresponding,which indicates that non-classical light emission can be generated from the interaction of given entangled double atoms.