Upper atmospheric detection based on temporarily and spatially mixed modulated detection mode was put forward. The accurate optical path difference versus the incidence angle of a modified Sagnac interferometer was calculated by the ray-tracing method. Theoretically the parameter of the interferometer was calculated and analyzed. Compared with the combination of the same and different material, it can be concluded that different combination of material is more suited for upper atmospheric detection. This interferometer has many distinct advantages, such as steady state, wide field of view, long optical path difference, temporarily and spatially mixed modulated detection mode etc.. The research developed the theory of upper atmospheric detection and it is quite significant to the research of detection technique, detection mode and engineering in both theory and practice.

The diffraction characteristics of 1200 lp/mm ultraviolet ruled grating master and the second duplicate were simulated by differential theory and distinguished. The simulation results mere compared with the tested results. The numerical simulation indicated that the diffraction characteristics of the ultraviolet ruled grating master and the second duplicate are slightly different for the change of grating groove profiles. The methods of grating groove profile polynomial fitting and Fourier series fitting are presented. This theoretical analysis clarified the dispute in the diffraction grating duplication craft, perfected reprint technology and offered practical theoretical reference for improving diffraction grating efficiency.

We introduce the fundamental of the phase operating point stabilization of Fabry-Pérot interference optical fiber hydrophone based on the loop-locked feedback control method, present the sound pressure phase-shift sensitivity expression of the Fabry-Pérot optical fiber hydrophone and deduce the Fourier transformation formula of transmission intensity substitution function of Fabry-Pérot interferometer. By MathCAD, we draw the Fourier transformation spectra of the above formula. Following the spectra, we can directly understand the composition and the characteristic of the system output signal. In experiments, the Fourier transformation spectral from transmission intensity of Fabry-Pérot optical fiber hydrophone is recorded by a spectral analysis instrument, which tallies well with the spectral drawn by MathCAD. Through the experiment, we further point out the choice method of the critical feedback point frequency, and examine the actual effect of the feedback control method in the stabilization of phase operating point process of Fabry-Pérot interference optical fiber hydrophone. The validity of the method is proved.

A dynamic chromatic dispersion (CD) compensating technique for a 40 Gb/s single-channeled optical fiber communication system is demonstrated. The tunable dispersion compensator is composed of 2×2 optical switches, dispersion compensating fiber etc. For controlling the tunable dispersion compensator, a feedback signal is obtained by detecting the narrow band electrical power centered at 12 GHz, and the electrical power increases with the decrease of the accumulated chromatic dispersion. In experiment, the maximal response time of the system is 0.7 s. The compensating range and precision reach 81.55 ps/nm and 5.28 ps/nm respectively which can be further improved by adding the number of optical switches and reducing the length of dispersion compensating fiber. Experiments indicated that the dynamic dispersion compensating system can significantly improve the performance of 40 Gb/s optical communication systems according to the eye diagram before and after dispersion compensating.

The characteristics of laser pulse transmitting through atmosphere to oceanic channel is analyzed in detail. The method of Monte Carlo and theoretical analysis are adopted for modeling the laser communication channel. The method and procedure for simulation are introduced. The beam projected area spread of laser pulses transmitting through different thickness of cloud, and the pulse-energy distributions in spatial and temporal domain through different depth of sea water, and the broadening mechanism and channel noise are also studied .The conclusion is that broadening effect by cloud is saturated when the cloud thickness exceeds 500 m, and the random fluctuation of signal energy is increased for deeper water, but the full width at half width of energy distribution is not increased. The overall atmospheric and oceanic channel can be described by time-delay filter model.

The principles of frequency-division multiplexing technique of fiber grating Fabry-Pérot (F-P) sensors were theoretically analysed and the restrictions on the length of F-P cavity for signal processing were given. The numerical simulation results shown that sensors with different cavity lengths are represented by different spectral fringe frequencies. To ensure that signals in the frequency domain will not overlap, the difference in the cavity length of any two fiber grating F-P sensors must exceed the length of fiber Bragg grating. The further experiment and simulation analysis also show that the change of measurands (i.e. temperature) will only cause the whole spectra shift without shape change, and the corresponding signal in the frequency domain produces only phase shift, so that the demodulation method based on Fourier transform for common fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) sensor would be inapplicable here. According to this specialties of the frequency-division multiplexing signal, an autocorrelation analysis method has been suggested for the signal demodulation of this sensor system.

A new target detection algorithm in hyperspectral imagery based on endmember extraction method is introduced. The purpose of our target detection is to locate and search for targets which are relatively small with low probabilities in an image scene. We use the transformation matrix of principal components analysis to construct an orthogonal subspace projection operator that projects the hyperspectral image onto a subspace, which is perpendicular to the space spanned by transformation matrix. In this subspace, background information is effectively suppressed and small targets become obvious. So, endmember spectra of targets can be extracted using iterative error analysis method. Then, we segment the targets according to the spectral angle between selected endmember spectra and each pixel vector of hyperspectral image. The proposed algorithm was studied using real hyperspectral data and compared with RX algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively and reliably detect the small target without prior knowledge.

The implement algorithm of adaptive fuzzy image enhancement is proposed in ridgelet transform domain. Making use of the unique superiority for representing the linear singular border, the ridgelet transform can reach the aim of outstanding the border and restraining the noise. Applying the Fourier projection theorem in the frequency domain, the method is proposed for optimizing the ordering of the finite Radon transform coefficients. As can be seen, the “wrap around” effect is reduced in the image disposed by the Radon transform. The algorithm of adaptive fuzzy image enhancement is put forward based on the generalized fuzzy set and the maximum fuzzy entropy. The processed image is the better compromise between enhancing the characteristics and inhibiting the noise. The experiment shows that the edge detection probability of this algorithm is greater than the traditional ones' with approximate 50% under the condition of low signal-noise ratio (2.5～5.5 dB). Applying the algorithm to enhance the linear cracks in the road surface image, we can enhance the crack signals and restrain the discrete noise, such as oil droplet , cobblestone.

A theoretic model was built about the distribution of optical backscattering energy on the two dimensional photosensitive surface. Then, applied to typical underwater laser imaging system, a method was proposed to calculate the maximum detecting distance according to the apparent contrast. The theoretic calculations were programmed, and the variances of the apparent contrast were discussed when changing the relative position of some components. The relationship curve between the apparent contrast and the target distance as well as the curve between the maximum detecting distance and the attenuation coefficient were obtained, so that the maximum detecting distances could be estimated in different kinds of water quality, which are consistent with the actual experimental results.

The dynamic aberration of human eye accommodation in near vision is researched. The Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor-based human eye dynamic aberration measuring instrument that can induce human eye diopter accommodation was established. The vision information of human eye in accommodation is obtained by moving target in front of eye to induce diopter accommodation and then recording the aberration with Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor. The principle and the method of measuring aberrations of human eye and inducing accommodation are given. Compared with interferometer measuring the same aberration plate, the aberrometer has a measurement root mean square (RMS) of λ/50, and repeatability of RMS of λ/500, indicating a good precision and repeatability. Nineteen eyes of 10 volunteers are measured. Besides the largest inducing accommodation amplitude of 8.6D, 84% people have induced accommodation with amplitudes between 3D～8D.

A novel in-situ non-flatness measurement method of wafer chuck in step-and-scan projection lithographic tool is presented. The local heights of wafer surface are measured by the linear variable differential transformer (LVDTs) when the different offsets between wafer and wafer chuck exist. A temporary boundary condition is built to calculate the relative non-flatness of wafer chuck line by line and eliminate the effect of the wafter surface shape with recursion formula. The height difference of the neighboring columns is calculated with recursion formula, which is added to each row to remove the temporary boundary condition limitation and the coarse non-flatness of wafer chuck with the same height is determined. According to the coarse result, the four neighboring points of the measured point are used as reference to approach the accurate non-flatness of wafer chuck with the least square method. Computer simulation and experimental results prove that the calculated result accords with the real non-flatness of wafer chuck well, and the reproducibility by this method is better than 0.3 nm. The method is also valid for measurement of wafer surface shape.

The basic principle and characteristics of a new kind of linear phase-retrieval (LPR) wave front measuring method were analyzed. A far-field image of the LPR sensor system itself should be measured and stored as the image of calibration in advance. The difference between an image of aberration and the image of calibration was measured using the LPR sensor, then the Zernike coefficients of aberration was gotten by calculation method of linear matrix multiplication. The process and method to get Zernike reconstruction matrix were discussed. The performances of the LPR method was tested by numerical simulation on measuring atmosphere disturbed wave front using the LPR method. The results showed that the LPR obtain high spatial resolution, and high precision for small aberrations, but the measuring range is limited. Therefore the LPR is suitable for close-loop adaptive optics systems.

Based on single interferogram analysis method using fast Fourier transform (FFT), an interferogram spreading method based on exemplar matching is proposed. By analyzing the confidence and isophote of interferogram, the priority that is assigned to each patch on the fill front are calculated. After the patch most similar to the patch on the fill front is found in the source region of the interferogram, the value of each pixel in the patch on the fill front is copied from its corresponding position in the most similar patch. This spreading algorithm takes full advantage of the fringe characteristics and the directions of isophotes to synthesize the structure and texture information of interferogram and achieves good spreading effect. The proposed spreading algorithm is combined with FFT, filtering and phase unwrapping together to from a single interferogram analysis method of high-accuracy. The differences between the wave surface peak-valley value obtained by the proposed single interferogram analysis method and Zygo interferometer is less than λ/100, and the difference between the wave surface root-mean-square value obtained by these two methods is less then λ/100.

In chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL), the near-resonant energy transfer reaction between O2(1Δ2) and I is a process of heat release, which is harmful to the stimulated emission as the heat release reaction caused by vapor quenching and unaviodable. The influence of quenching heat release on pneumatic properties of resonator and output power is calculated. The magnitude of near-resonant energy transfer is related to the population inversion and stimulated emission, in other words, is proportional to the gain of resonator and intensity distribution of laser, so this effect mainly occurs at the front part of the entrance of resonator. The effects almost are equivalent to the quenching by 7% H2O population influencing on chemical oxygen-iodine laser, and the theoretical model for chemical oxygen-iodine laser is improved.

Two Nd∶YAG rods are opposed and offset pumped by two half-cylinder laser diode array for uniform pumping and heat releasing, to improve the laser beam quality and output stability of the passively Q-switched laser side-pumped by laser diode under transfer cooling conditions. The effect of transverse-mode structure on passively Q-switched stability is experimentally studied. An unstable corner-cube prism-Gaussian output mirror cavity is studied. The laser beam quality of the device is improved greatly, as well as the passively Q-switched laser stability, and the mechanical stability of resonator. A practical engineering instrument with high stability and high beam quality is developed, with repetition frequency of 20 Hz, single-pulse energy of 64 mJ, pulse width of 7 ns, stability better than ±4.5%, beam divergence of 0.6 mrad, and optical-optical efficiency of 9.1%.

Judd-Ofelt (J-O)theory is the classical theory which is used to semiquantitative study 4f energy levels transitions’s spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions doped materials. Because many approximations and assumptions were involved in standard J-O theory, there are some exceptional behaviors when it is used for special earth ions such as Pr3+. Pr3+-, Tm3+-doped fluorogallate glasses were fabricated and the absorption spectrum of these glasses were studied. According to standard and modified Judd-Oflet theories, the different J-O intensity parameters Ωλ and oscillator strengths of those glasses have been calculated. The results show the “hypersensitive transitions” play the important role in exceptional behaviors of J-O theory calculation. When the corresponding odd reduced matrix element of “hypersensitive transitions” is added, the Ωλ of Pr3+ in fluorogallate glass obtained from modified J-O theory are more reliable than other approaches; for the experimental oscillator strengths of Tm3+, there is also a better fit by the modified J-O theory than other calculated ones.

Spherical crystal in living organisms, which exists abundantly in the organisms of animals and plants such as brain, muscle, nerve, blood and bile etc, is one of lyotropic liquid crystals. Double Maltese cross of spherical crystal in living organisms is firstly found after chicken bile, fish bile, berry juice were observed by microscopes. After deeply investigated by optic methods, the forming mechanism of Double Maltese cross was found and a new concept of “parabolic principal axis” was proposed. Study indicates that Double Maltese cross is formed through the function of outer orderly crystal layers on the inner macromolecule. It may be more delicate and reliable to examine some serious diseases in their early stages according to the change of the parabolic principal axis of mildly forced spherical crystals.

The sectioning capability of the endoscope-based speckle quasi-confocal system (EBSQCS) is studied. Based on the theory of speckle quasi-confocal microscope (SQCM), the influence of endoscope on the discipline of speckle quasi-confocal microscope speckle fluctuation is discussed, and analytical expression is derived to describe the relationship between optical structure of endoscope and the axial resolution of Endoscope-based speckle quasi-confocal system. The axial resolution curve is also obtained by experiment of Endoscope-based speckle quasi-confocal system with a fiber bundle. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Endoscope-based speckle quasi-confocal system resolution curve is 2.3 times of that of speckle quasi-confocal microscope when the endoscope has a magnification of 4 times and fiber diameter of 5 μm, which is in accordance with the theory. The experimental result shows that eEndoscope-based speckle quasi-confocal system has the quality of axial optical sectioning.

Thermal changes and their differences on the optical properties of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues at 808 nm- and 980 nm-diode laser were study in vitro. The measurements were performed using a double-integrating-sphere setup, and the optical properties of BPH tissue were assessed from these measurements using the inverse adding-doubling method. The results of measurement showed that the absorption coefficients, reduced scattering coefficients and optical penetration depths of BPH tissues at 808 nm and 980 nm varied with a change of exposure temperature by thermal effect. In temperature range from 20 ℃ to 80 ℃, the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of BPH tissue at 808 nm were obviously bigger than that those of BPH tissue at 980 nm, respectively, and the optical penetration depths of BPH tissue at 808 nm were obviously smaller than those of BPH tissue at 980 nm. Maximal absorption coefficients of BPH tissue at 808 nm and 980 nm were respectively 0.528 mm-1 and 0.448 mm-1 at exposure temperature of 20 ℃, and minimal absorption coefficients were respectively 0.436 mm-1 and 0.326 mm-1 at exposure temperature of 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, respectively, maximal difference in the absorption coefficients between 808 nm and 980 nm was 34.1% at exposure temperature of 70 ℃. Maximal reduced scattering coefficients of BPH tissue at 808 nm and 980 nm were respectively 1.45 mm-1 and 1.43 mm-1 at exposure temperature of 80 ℃, and minimal reduced scattering coefficients were respectively 1.15 mm-1 and 0.973 mm-1 at exposure temperature of 20 ℃ and 70 ℃, respectively, maximal difference in the reduced scattering coefficients between 808 nm and 980 nm was 24.4% at exposure temperature of 70 ℃. Maximal optical penetration depths of BPH tissue at 808 nm and 980 nm were respectively 0.684 mm and 0.887 mm at exposure temperature of 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, and minimal optical penetration depths were respectively 0.608 nm and 0.696 mm at 80 ℃, respectively, maximal difference in the optical penetration depths between 808 nm and 980 nm was 30.4% at exposure temperature of 70 ℃. BPH tissues arrived at complete coagulation by heat effect at exposure temperature of 70 ℃, at this point, the differences in the absorption coefficients, reduced scattering coefficients and optical penetration depths between 808 nm and 980 nm were maximal.

To improve the spatial light modulation properties of digital micromirror device (DMD), and exert its performance in optical information processing, the phase modulation properties of digital micromirror device have been investigated. Based on digital micromirror device microstructure, its grating properties is investigated, its effect of phase modulation on coherent light is calculated, and the mathematic discription and experimental results are presented. The diffraction grating properties digital micromirror devices are mainly investigated, analyzes its working principle and the change of position between micromirrors by micromirror rotation is analyzed. With the theory of blazed diffraction grating, the phase difference between rotated mirrors has been calculated, the blazed rule of DMD gratings is found and blazed condition is realized. Methods of analyzing digital micromirror device phase modulation by mirrors on different directions have been proposed. The microstructure and working principle of digital micromirror device are deduced and simulated. Results on digital micromirror device light modulation are presented, which are meaningful for broad application of digital micromirror device in information optics.

Presented is the family of super-Gaussian spatial optical solitons in non-local nonlinear media modelled by 1+1 dimensional non-local nonlinear Schrdinger equation (NNLSE), in the strongly non-local case, an approximate analytical solution is obtained for an arbitrary response function by a variational approach. The solution with a sine beams width shows that the shift of phase, the spatial chirp and the critical input power are proportional to the order of the super-Gaussian optical beams, the period of the beam width is related not only to the material, but also to the orders of both the beams and the phase. The probability of quasi-square wave spatial solitons is also involved.

A new infrared dual-band Petzval objective with single-layer harmonic diffractive element (HDE) is designed, which can work in the 3.4～4.2 μm and 8～11 μm bands. However, it is only at the designed center wavelength that the single-layer harmonic diffractive element possesses the maximum diffraction efficiency, and the diffraction efficiency at the master diffraction order gradually decreases with the deviation of the wavelength from the center to both sides. To improve the diffraction efficiency, the double-layer harmonic diffractive element (HDE) structure is investigated and the optimization procedure is given based on the equation of diffraction efficiency of the double-layer diffractive element. Then the infrared dual-band Petzval objective with double-layer harmonic diffractive element is designed. The diffraction efficiency of the system at each wavelength in the designed 3.4～4.2 μm and 8～11 μm bands is larger than 90%, which improves the image contrast and the imaging quality significantly.

A novel adjustable focal-length optical adaptive micro-mirror based on bi-mental effect is presented. Compared with traditional deformable micro-mirror, micro-mirror fabricated by this method has the advantage of low driving voltage and large driving force. Besides,it is easy to be fabricated. Micro-machining processes such as oxygenation,photolithography, chemical etching and sputtering are experimented. A 4×4 bi-metal adjustable focal-length micro-mirror arrays have been completed. Each unit has an area of 3 mm×3 mm with the thickness of silicon 60 μm and aluminum film 150 nm. Deformable mirror area covers 79% of the total mirror area which is 100%. Dynamic performance of adjustable focal-length micro-mirror is tested using laser wave-front interferometer. Experiment results demonstrate that the micro-mirror can produce uni-directional continuous deformation with the maximum deformation of 15.8 and nonlinearity lag of 27%。It can work at 0～2.5 V with an adjustable focal length ranging from ∞ to 0.036 m.

A novel dynamic optical coupler is presented by employing a specially designed Dammann grating. By controlling the shift parameter of Dammann grating, this device can easily realize the function of either a beam splitter or a combiner and transformation between both of them. An arbitrary N×M dynamic optical coupling can be achieved by choosing an appropriate Dammann grating. In the experiment a high performance 1×8 dynamic coupler achieves good uniformity of 0.03, insertion loss of around 10.5 dB for each channel as a splitter and a low insertion loss of 0.43 dB as a switch at the wavelength of 1550 nm. This device has the advantages of easy adjustment, compact size and low loss. Moreover, Dammann grating used in the experiment can be easily mass-fabricated by binary optical technology. In addition, this system is a preferable approach in the integral packaging. This device has the unique diffractive advantages of Dammann-grating-incorporated system for dynamic optical coupling of a large fiber array. Note that this method is generally applicable and should be interesting for practical use.

Based on the conventional polarization-control technology, a novel 3×3 optical switch, consisting of phase spatial light modulator (PSLM), polarizing beam splitter, mirror, and quarter-wave plate, is proposed. This new configuration of the optical switch grants the features of compact in structure, efficient in performance, and insensitive to polarization of signal beam. In addition, the functions of 3×3 optical switch are implemented bi-directionally in free-space. According to the routing state table of polarization-independent 3×3 optical switch, its operational process is analyzed. By modulating PSLMs and controlling the polarization state of signal, the signal routing is realized, and the switching module of 3×3 optical switch can realize arbitrary port output and exchange for any port input beams without routing conflict. The module has the capability of expansion and reconfiguration. Therefore, it is helpful in the design of large-scale switch matrix.

To optimize cell structure and driving voltage of alternating current plasma display panel (AC PDP), the effects of electrode structure parameters, new-type cell configuration with floating electrodes, and sustained voltage pulse parameters on infrared-radiation spectrum from Ne-Xe mixture gas discharge were experimentally studied by using a spectrum measuring system and a macroscopic AC plasma display panel cell. The results show that as the sustaining electrode width increases, the 828 nm infrared radiation from a macroscopic cell is enhanced, while its radiation efficiency almost keeps constant. As the sustaining electrode gap increases or a floating electrode with appropriate width is inserted between two sustaining electrodes, both the intensity and efficiency of 828 nm radiation are improved. Increasing the frequency or amplitude of sustained voltage can enhance 828 nm radiation, but its radiation efficiency will drop.

The influences of the thickness of defect layer on the resonant wavelength and its quality factor in one-dimensional photonic crystal cavity were studied with optical transmission matrix. Numerical simulations show that there exist different mode types and a maximal quality factor for each mode type. The maximum is found at the wavelength λm where there is a maximal reflection from the photonic crystal, corresponding to the condition for resonance Bragg reflection. The quality factor and thickness of the defect layer corresponding to λm are in linear relations with the mode order number. The quality factor increases exponentially with the number of the structural periods, and the increment number is only a function of the operating wavelength, and has no relation to mode types and periods of structure. For all mode types, the increament number reaches a maximum at the wavelength λm.

Random lasers result from the amplification of localized modes in random gain medium, and the amplification property depends on the spatial profile of the localized modes. Through the introduction of optical gain into system with an imaginary part of the complex refractive index, the amplification properties of localized modes are investigated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We find that different localized modes have different mode areas which have direct influence on the amplification property of the localized modes. The modes with smaller mode area undergo lower loss of energy than those with larger mode areas, so that they are amplified in advance while those modes with larger mode areas are suppressed due to mode competitions. This will lead to preferred amplification of the desired localized modes.

A theoretical model of analysis of bubble far-field interference is given, when parallel laser beam is irradiating the bubble in a transparent medium, the interference between refraction beam and total reflection beam comes into being and the thick-inside-and-thin-outside interference rings have taken shape in far field, a formula on optical path length difference and a formula on distance of two parallel exit rays are derived, reasons for thick-inside-and-thin-outside interference rings are analyzed, the method of calculating interference regions and the largest constructive interference ordinal number are given. The diameter of bubble can be measured by method of interference, the size of bubble can be measured in the depths of medium. The diameters of bubbles in the glass water box, plate glass and glass prism have been measured by method of far-field interference, and the measured result of diameter in glass prism by the interference is compared with that by the Abbe comparator, the relative difference of which is 0.9%. The application of measurement in the size of moving bubble, refractive index of gas in bubble, size of optically denser medium ball in a transparent optically thinner medium is expected by method of far-field interference.

One of the most interesting properties of the EIT is that its linewidth can be extremely narrow in a Λ-type configuration where two lower levels are hyperfine ones within a ground state. In such a configuration, the EIT linewidth is mainly governed by the coherence relaxation rate between hyperfine levels which can be of several orders of magnitude smaller than that of the optical transition. However, As intensity of coupling field increases, the EIT linewidth can be broadened. In order to control power broadening of EIT, we present a quasi-Λ four-level system, and introduce an microwave field to drive a hyperfine transition.It is shown that the microwave field not only splits an EIT window into a doublet but also narrows the EIT window. Power broadening of EIT window can be suppressed by utilizing a microwave field.

Transmission fluctuation spectrometry with temporal or sptail correlation is being developed as a new method of particle size analysis, in which the particle size distribution and particle concentration can be measured simultaneously, and real-time online measurements can be realized. As the particle concentration increases, the measured transmission fluctuation spectrum deviates gradually from the theory due to the effects of high particle concentration. The high-concentration effects of transmission fluctuation spectrometry with temporal correlation (TFS-TC) are studied with numerical simulation whereby an infinitesimally thin beam is employed and some experimental evidence is also presented. As a result, the correlation spectrum is affected only by the monolayer structure. As the particle concentration increases, the transition function deviates from the theory and shifts to the range of smaller dimensionless correlation time gradually, the step height of the trasition function is unchanged.

Genetic algorithm interval partial least square (GA-iPLS) and genetic algorithm partial least square (GA-PLS) were proposed to select the characteristic wavelength region and characteristic wavelength of sugar content against apple near-infrared spectra for sugar content prediction. The apple near-infrared spectra data were divided into 40 intervals. Consequently, 5 subsets (No.4,6,8,11,18) and 362 data points were selected quickly by GA-iPLS, and 44 characteristic wavelengths were selected by GA-PLS based on the 5 subsets. Compared with the whole spectra data model, the GA-iPLS and GA-PLS models could not only improve precision with the coefficients of determination for prediction set improved by 10%, but also simplify the model with 7 primary factors decreased in the model. With the proposed methods, a concise easily computed model can be built to select the characteristic reigon and wavelength of near-infrared spectra.

The Yb-Er co-doped Al2O3 films were prepared by the microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma source enhanced RF sputtering and annealed by CO2 laser. The influence on the surface morphology and the annealing uniformity of the films was discussed by adjusting different annealing parameters. The area within 8 mm radius was annealed uniformly when films were at treble focus of the attenuation lens. The morphology of films, whether annealed or non-annealed, has little difference if annealing time was selected less than 32 s. Furthermore, the photoluminescence characteristics of two kinds of films annealed by laser annealing and thermal annealing respectively were measured and compared. The results show that the photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity of the films annealed by laser is decuple more than that of the films annealed by thermal method, and the photoluminescence peak intensity of the latter appears saturated, even descent while the pump power goes on. The photoluminescence peak intensity of the former, however, increases monotonously with approximate linearity. The threshold annealing power is 5 W and the optimum annealing power is 20 W.

1064 nm, 532 nm, 355 nm frequency-tripled antireflection (AR) coating was designed on LiB3O5 (LBO) substrate with vector method. The design result showed that the residual reflectivity at wavelength of 1064 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm could be 0.0017%, 0.0002% and 0.0013%, respectively. According to error analysis, the reflectivity increased to 0.20% at 1064 nm, 0.84% at 532 nm and 1.89% at 355 nm when the precision of deposition rate was controlled at ＋5.5%. If the refractive index accuracy was ＋3%, the reflectivity reached 0.20% at 1064 nm, 0.88% at 532 nm and 0.24% at 355 nm, respectively. The refractive index had more effect on the residual reflectivity of the antireflection coating than the physical thickness. From the incident medium to the substrate, the thickness variation of the second layer had the most effect on the reflectivity of the antireflection coating at 1064 nm and 355 nm, followed by the first layer, and the layer next to the substrate was most insensitive. At 532 nm, the first and third layers were the sensitive layers of the antireflection coating design. The reflectance of the antireflection coating at 1064 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm increased to 0.15%, 0.31% and 1.52%, respectively due to the dispersion of the coating materials.

The ultrafast dynamics of the luminescence enhancement in [Ru(dmb)2(mitatp)]2+ and [Ru(dmb)2(mitatp)]2+/DNA complex has been studied by use of time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. The transient luminescence relaxation processes of [Ru(dmb)2(mitatp)]2+ and [Ru(dmb)2(mitatp)]2+/DNA complex have been measured with comparison method. The luminescence is due to the transition between charge transfer singlet and triplet states. The results show that after interaction with DNA, the lifetimes of fluorescence and phosphorescence of [Ru(dmb)2(mitatp)]2+ complex are prolonged from 339 ns to 589 ns and from 16 μs respectively, and the total luminescence intensity is enhanced by one order of magnitude. The possible origin may be the formation of the new energy levels of the photoexcited charge-transfer singlet and triplet states by the interaction between [Ru(dmb)2(mitatp)]2+ and DNA resulting in the decrease of the nonradiative decay rate from the lowest excited state to the ground state and the increase of the luminescence efficiency.

The dispersion of a broadband optical parametric chirped pulses amplification (OPCPA) laser system is investigated. Using the numerical method, the theoretical model of dispersion and the effects of high-order dispersion on the charateristics in temporal and frequency domain of signal pulses are presented in broadband OPCPA laser system. The results demonstrate that dispersion induced by the pulse stretcher and phase change of signal pulses in the amplifier is relatively great, but the dispersion of parametric crystal can be ignored. The pulse duration is mainly controlled by the second-order dispersion, and the pulse signal-noise-ratio and waveform affected by third-order dispersion and fourth-order dispersion. However, the change of pulse frequency from dispersion is negligible.

The visual data obtained from the color discrimination threshold experiment carried out in the iso-lightness a*-b* plane of CIELAB color space were used to test the four classical color-difference formulae, CIELAB, CMC, CIE94 and CIEDE2000, in terms of performance factor PF/3. For the original forms (kC=kH=1), CIEDE2000 outperformed others, followed by CIE94 and CMC, with CIELAB the worst.For the color-difference formulae with kC and kH optimized, CIEDE2000 still performed the best, while the color-difference prediction performances of other three formulae were almost the same; except for CIELAB improved obviously, others were enhanced a little in comparison with their individual original forms. The CIEDE2000 formula performed excellently in the yellow and blue color regions, but its color-difference prediction performances in the gray, red and green regions remained to be further improved.