A novel optical profiler design is described in this paper for measuring surface profiles of synchrotron radiation (SE) mirrors. The measurement is based on the combination of an optical heterodyne technique and precise phase measurement without a reference surface. A Zeeman 2-frequency He-Ne laser is employed as the light source. The common-path optical system which uses a biref ringent lens as the beam splitter makes it possible to minimize the effects due to air turbulence, sample vibration and temperature fluctuation. The profiler can be used to measure the roughness and curvature of a sample surface based on a special autofocus system. The optical system is mounted on a large linear air-bearing slide, and is capable of scanning over distances covering the spatial measurable period range from several microns to nearly one meter with a very high measuring accuracy.

The polarization pinhole interferomenter is a new practical instrument. It synthesizes the techniques of pinhole diffraction, common light path and polarization technique in its design. It has many advantages, such as the fringe contrast adjustable, nondestructive testing, and strong anti-interference ability. The instrument can be used extensively in various optical element testing and their glue layer testing. The accurace of the fringe pattern analysis is controlled by the fringe sample point numbers.

A ray tracing model is used to deal with correlated scattering by denser dis-persoid. From the computation of phase function of each layer satisfying the condition of single scattering, the probability function of scat bering is obtained,which is then used to calculate the optical energy distribution by forward scattering. The optical energy distribution of multiple scattering is calculated by using iteration based on a proposed multiple scattering model however, for larger particles, the calculation may be based on the diffraction theory. In order to optimize under restrint the upper linit distribution function, the measured values of optical energy spectrum scattered by dispersoid sample of various densities are compared with those obtained by simulation. The optimizing result obtained is used to calculated D32. The experimental results are complred with the statistical data.

The effect of refractive index of matching liquid on the branching ratio of optical tiber directional coupler is discussed theorelically and experimenfcly. The fiber directional coupler with branching ratio of 1/1～1/30 has been fabricated.

The principle and collimating characteristics of a single conical gradient index fiber used in laser oollimating system is studied by the method of equivalent telescope sysb em. It is expected that this novel laser collimating element has promising applications in microoptics and waveguide optics.

The laser output power of TEMoo mode from DC excition slow-flow CO2 laser made of ceramic tubes is 1.45 times higher as that of the laser made of glade of glass tubes. The experimental results are better than the distributed oaated Au film catalyst used for improving output property of DC exciting slow-flow CO2 laser by Mr. J. Maoken. The mechanism of output power enhancement of the ceramic CO2 laser was discussed.

Octadecyl hydrogen maleate (OHM) is a kind of dispersing X-ray organic crystal with large 2d-spaoing (2d = 63.5A). OHM crystal has a stable physical-chemical property and good mechanical performance. It is easily processed. The IHM crystal has been proved to be a ideal dispersing element in the analysis of soft X-ray spectroscopy.

A new method was proposed for tha generation and detection of phase conjugated optical waves from a semiconductor diode laser using a smith-type interferometer. This method has an advantage to display the spatial as well as tamporal information of the generated phase conjugated optical waves. The experimental demonstration was performed by using a 1.3μm DFB diode laser, and a remarkable agreement was confirmed between experimental and theoretical results. The present method can be generally applied to all kinds of lasers for the generation of phase conjugated waves as well as for the study of their nonlinear optical properties during the laser oscillation.

Using Floquett theory, the propagation and dispersion oharateristics of the multi-Quantum well (MQW) waveguides is investigated with large numbers of wells and barriers. Analytical formulas for the equivalent MQW waveguide are derived for two polarization states, and the intrinsic birefringence of MQW waveguides si clearly illustrated.

A new kind of fiber-optie interferomebar called coupled fiber ring interferometer array (CPRIA) is proposed. The theoveftical analysis based on coupled mode equations and matrix aproash is given to deseribe the trans nission cbaracteristies of CFRIA made of two-, three-, four-, N-coupler. It is shown that a suitable choise of coupling coefficients of couplers results in a controllable transmission properties and wider spectral range compared with single fiber ring interferometer.

This paper presents the principle and the method of high speed interference photography by using the technique of two-dimensional acousto-optical lattice deflection. The light beam carrying interferogram is deflected into a lattice of 10×10 by time-serial and recorded on a fixed film with two acous bo-optical deflectors. If a CW laser is used as light source, the exposure time can be adjusted from 10-3～3×10-6seo. and the framing frequency is about 105 frames/sec. In the study of prieiple experiment, we have used this method to record the interferograms of transient temperature field.

A system for accurate phase determination using two-referenoe-beam, duble-exposure holographic interferemtry and phase-stepping technique is described. It calculates the interference phase pointwise with repeatability better than 2%, and takes less than 2 min for a 256×256×8 bit image.

In our experiment described in this paper, the single pulse of the picosecond laser (λ=0.527 μ) from bhe output of a frequency-doubled mode-locked phosphate Nd glass laser at λ=1.054同μm was used as the exciting light source. The lifetimes of the excited singlet states S1 of the organic biological macromolecules haema-toporphyrin and lactoflavin were measured with streak camera. The quenching effect of oxygen molecules on the lifetimes was discussed preliminarily.

Transition wavelengths of 4d-3p, 4f-3d, 5d-3p, 5f-3d, 6d-3p and 6f-3d of Cl XV and K XVII are reported. Corresponding transition probabilities and oscillator strengths are given. These transitions are of potential interest for X-ray lasers with shorter wavelengths towards the "water window". Among them, wavelengths of three KXVII transitions are in the range of the "water window". They are 3p-5d, 3d-6f, 3p-6d.

A multiple diffuse reflection (MDR) method is proposed for measuring absorption spectrum of impurity in powder sample. I b has higher sensibiviby than single diffuse reflection method. An absorption spectrum deduced from the MDR spectrum is in good agreement with the absorption spectrum of clear plate sample. In order to verify the resulbs of different refractive index and dispersion, a randomized multiple diffuse reflection computer simulation model was designed to simulate the light beam travelling in the powder layer. The results illustrate that if the particle size is small enough and the dispersion of the meterial is not too high, the only difference between the absorption spectrum of powder sample and the absorption spectrum of clear plate sample is an unknown absorbing optical path. By combination with other measuremente the radiative transition probabilities or intensity parameters can be obtained.

Based on the theory of Hilbert and Schmidt, the original spectrum is recovered with a high resolution from an integral equation representing the relation between the spectrum and its interferogram or intensity distribution given by several kinds of infrared spectrometers. The computer simulations of solving integral equations with corresponding kernels are performed. In this paper, we greatly reduce the number of calculating points ( -41) by dividing the large wave number into smaller ones and choosing appropriate parameters. The results also show that after modification of the theory of Hilbert and Schmidt, both the calculating time and the capacity of a computer are further reduced for the integral equaiton with an asymmetric kernel. Furthermore, the recovered spectrum well corresponds to the original one even when the noise of the roder of 10-4 or 10-2 is inexistence.

The radical OH produced in air-aeytilene flame resonantly excited by ultraviolet (UV) laser in 2824～2838A region. The enhanced ionization signals were detected. The spectral bard of radical OH was obtained in the vinicity of UV 2830A, corresponding to a transition of OH X2π→A2Σ(v=0→1). More than twenty spectral line were measured, which oonioide with previous data obtained from flame emmision speotroscopy well. This method has provided a way of radical determination and flame diagnosis.