For increasing the output powers without improving drive currents to high power Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers(VCSELs), a VCSEL in series structure was presented. First, the VCSEL chips were soldered on a AlN ceramic heat sink, then the chips were connected by a wire bonding in series. The output powers of four-chip devices in series, two-chip devices in series and a single device were measured under microsecond and nanosecond pulses, which are 775, 416, 217 mW and 18.9, 9.8, 5 W, respectively. Test results show that the output powers of the first two kinds of devices in series are about 4 times and twice that of the single device. Moreover,the Full Width at Half Maximum(FWHM) of multiple-chip devices in series is slightly wider than that of the single device, which can be improved by choosing good uniformity cascade chips. In conclusion, the VCSEL in series structure can increase the output power without improving the drive current.

To suppress the higher order harmonics in monochromatic light come from a synchrotron radiation source and to improve the polarization characteristics of the source in a long wavelength, this paper analyzes the polarization characteristics of an triple-reflector polarizer Au~~Si~~Au and discusses its suppress abilities for higher order harmonics based on the concept of triple-reflection polarizer. It compares the characteristics of Au~~Si~~Au，Au~~SiC~~Au and Au~~Be~~Au triple-reflector polarizers for suppression to higher order harmonics and improvement on polarization characteristics. Obtained results show that the triple-reflector polarizer Au~~Si~~Au can suppress the higher order harmonics more effectively than other polarizers. Furthermore, After the light is reflected by the polarizer, the reflectance of the P component almost can be zero and that of the S component can totally blocked in the photo energy down to 30 eV. Moreover, the polarization of the source has been improved up to 99% in wavelength of 20 eV.

To get infrared radiance characteristics of a target while it was tracked, a radiance calibration system for infrared focal plane arrays (IFPA) was design. By taking a high-accuracy plane blackbody as a standard source, a mid-wave camera whose spectral response range is 3 μm to 5 μm was calibrated. Firstly, the calibration methodology was established and calibration procedures were decided. Then, the linear regression model was used to fit and evaluate the goodness of response and a eliminating the outlier method was taken to improve the fitting curve of the response. Finally, the target of known temperature and characteristics on the spot was measured in a field,and the actual observed value of infrared radiance characterization was obtained by fitting response curve and atmosphere transmittance. Calculation indicates that relative errors of the actual observed value to the theoretical value are less than 3%. The result confirms that proposed method can improve the uncertainty caused by the nonlinear of IFPA response.

It is most critical to acquire exact trace curves in time for realizing the zoom tracking in zoom imaging systems. Therefore,a novel computation strategy for zoom tracking curves is proposed. First,a real-time in-focus point is computed by using an image sharpness evaluation operator based on RAW format. Then, the position relations between zoom motor and focus motor are fitted to acquire the two trace curves at the near end and far end of object distances, which are regarded as the upper and lower bounds of trace curves. Finally, both geometric and adaptive zoom tracking methods are combined to be a hybrid algorithm to acquire the curves at some object distances by the method of interpolation. The trace curves for upper and lower bounds are obtained by a gradient operator on a self-developed zoom imaging system, zoom tracking is implemented with acquired trace curves and the image during zoom tracing is acquired. The obtained results show that the image quality of imaging system using proposed approach is improved by 30% as compared with that of the traditional system.It demonstrates that zoom tracking curves can be applied in focusing, and the image quality is improved dur-ing zoom tracing.

A Miniaturized-element Frequency Selective Surface (MEFSS) was fabricated based on the coupling mechanism between an inductive surface( metallic meshes)and a capacitive surface(wire patches). On the basis of the theory of the transmission line, the approximation formulas of the capacitance, the inductance were provided and the structural parameters of MEFSS were analyzed qualitatively. By using the vector modal matching method and the transmission characteristics of MEFSS with different geometry parameters and coupling layer electrical parameters were studied in this paper. Twelve lumped inductors and lumped capacitors were properly fabricated on the two side of a PI film by orthogonal arrangement, and the transmission characteristics of a MEFSS with a size of 240 mm×240 mm was tested by free space method. Results show that when the center frequency is 14.636 GHz, transmittance is -0.382 dB and the half transmittance bandwidth is 2.17 GHz at a TE 0° incidence. When the unit cell size is shorted, the center frequency drifts and the transmittance is decreased. The unit cell size is 0.125λ. When the unit cell size is fixed, the center frequency drifts as the increases of inductive widths,capacitance intervals and patch widths. Moreover,if the thickness of the coupling layer is increased by 0.4 mm, the center frequency lowly drifts by 1.4 GHz and transmittance is decreased by 2.6 dB. If the coupling layer relative permittivity is changed from 3.5 to 2,the center frequency highly drifts 2.8 GHz. It concludes that the FSS only with a size of 0.125 λ fabricated by coupling mechanism between inductive and capacitive surfaces is charaterized by miniaturization, wide pass-band and lower sensitive to the incident angle unit .

An ion-exchange single-mode stripe waveguide was designed to excite the surface plasma wave.The experimental determination method of relative parameters,the two-dimensional diffusion and refractive index distribution of the stripe waveguide and the excitation of surface plasma wave were investigated. Based on Ag+-Na+ ion-exchange technology, the planar waveguide with a graded refractive index was prepared on Germany B270 optical glass. By taking a complementary error function to fit the refractive index distribution, the diffusion coefficient (Deff) and the refractive index increment (Δn) of the waveguide were obtained under certain process parameters. On this basis, the condition of single-mode waveguide was calculated by using equivalent refractive index method and the corresponding technological parameters were designed. Finally,the single-mode strip waveguide was prepared in the 0.1% AgNO3~99.9％NaNO3 mixed molten salt based on the lithographic technology. The test result of mode field distribution shows that the waveguide prepared has a good single-mode characteristic. When the waveguide is coated with 50 nm Au film,and tested by glycerine solution with different concentrations from 40% to 70%, it can excite surface plasma waves successfully.

Based on the wavefront aberration theory and interferometric theory, the influences of imaging distortion in an interferometer on measuring results are analyzed and calibration and correction methods for the imaging distortion are proposed. The measurement errors caused by misalignments of the test surface (tip/tilt and disfocus) are discussed mainly. An experiment is carried out to measure the same surface under different number of fringes. The test results show that the surface shapes are 30.96 nm PV and 6.32 nm RMS for 3 fringes, and 41.25 nm PV and 8.22 nm RMS for 10 fringes,respectively. After the calibration, the difference of the results are declined to 1.42 nm PV and 0.4 nm RMS. The experiment proves that the calibration solution referred in this paper can improve the measurement accuracy.

A near-field trapping method for nanoparticles by a metal-coated optical fiber probe is proposed to improve the nanomanipulation technology. By applying a Maxwell stress tensor and 3D Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) methods,the physical properties of trapping stability,particle sizes and trapping positions in the near-field trapping are revealed. The effect of trapping forces acted on a nanoparticle along three axis directions on the trapping positions is studied, and different trapping positions are generated in the aperture edge in polarization direction and the center surface of the probe tip. Numerical results indicate that the Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) probe is able to trap nanoparticles in a circular shape with lower laser intensity (~1040 W/mm2) than that (~105 W/mm2) required by a conventional optical manipulator. A near-field optical trapping system using the tapered metal-coated fiber probe is designed. A NSOM probe, a polarized semiconductor laser and a laser scanning confocal microscope are applied to pushing the trapping resolution further down to 120 nm. In experiments, 120-nm polystyrene particles are trapped in multi-circular shape with a minimum size of 400 nm at a resolution of λ/7 (λ: laser wavelength) and d (d: tip diameter of NSOM probe), respectively,which agrees well with the simulated result. The method proposed in the paper largely promotes the role of near-field optical manipulation.

A heterodyne detection experiment is established to measure the constant rotation velocity and the variable velocity of targets,in which the diffuse reflectance target and simple harmonic motion model are taken as research targets.For uniform rotation velocity measurement, the heterodyne method and amplitude modulation velocity measurement are conducted at the same time to measure the rotation velocity of a diffusion target in two directions and 133 sets of results are obtained.Moreover,the variable velocity is measured for a target with like-harmonic motion by the same optical system, and the spectrum video is processed by the Matlab software to get the velocity.Tested results show that, in the uniform rotation velocity range from 0.05 to 16 m/s, the average relative error for positive and negative rotation analytical measurements are only 0.51% and 0.42%,respectively. In a variable velocity measurement for positive and negative rotations, the maximum speed are 0.555 6 and -0.659 m/s,respectively. The results indicate that the measurement has a higher accuracy and a higher Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) for a clear mid-frequency spectrum can be seen.

The preparation method of triblock Liquid Crystal(LC) elastomer films with thermal induced contraction was researched and their polarized characteristics and thermal induced contrasction rates were analyzed. By using the holographic exposure technology, a liquid crystal elastomer with a grid-like structure was prepared. Based on a polarization microscope and a He-Ne laser, grid-like structure and polarization were detected, respectively. The relationship between the LC molecular alignment and the polarization of LC elastomer was analyzed. In addition, the thermal induced contraction rate for LC elastomer was tested. The experimental results indicate that LC molecules are arranged perpendicular to grid-like structure.The deformation rate of thermal induced contraction for the liquid crystal elastomer can be achieved 12% in the LC phase transition temperature(65-80℃).

The compression of electron pulses in the temporal domain is a core technique to improve the temporal resolution of ultrafast diagnosis instruments,such as streak cameras and ultrafast electron diffraction systems. In this paper, a time focusing technique is adopted to potentially improve the physical temporal resolutions of streak cameras and ultrafast electron diffraction systems. This method uses a time-dependent acceleration field to greatly compensate the temporal dispersion between photocathode and anode to accelerate the slow electrons and decelerate the fast electrons,relatively. As a result, the temperal dispersion due to an initial energy spread can be compensated to a large extent at the output of time focusing region. Tracing and simulating a large number of photoelectrons through Monte-Carlo and finite difference methods shows that the electron pulse with a 300 fs can be compressed to 50 fs, which lays a powerful foundation for developing the streak cameras and ultrafast e-lectron diffraction systems with better than 100 fs temporal resolution.

According to the effect of sound field distribution in an acousto-optic crystal on diffraction efficiency and optical fields, an apodization method was proposed to improve the laser heterodyne interferometric efficiency. By taking a TeO2 for a substrate, the effect of sound field distribution and volume grating contrast in an acousto-optic device on the diffraction efficiency was analyzed. A nonuniform contrast model was established and the apodization method was used to control the nonuniform distribution of the spatial sound field. The results show that when the radio frequency is tuned to a working range from 100 to 105 MHz for an Acoustic Optical Modulation(AOM) without apodization, the diffractive spot shows two peaks with nonuniform distribution, diffractive light contains crosstalks with much noise and diffraction efficiency is affected. The heterodyne signal power is -1.7 dBm. However, the apodization achieves a better diffraction efficiency and crosstalk suppression. The diffraction efficiency reaches the maximum 98%, transmission bandwidth has been 50% to 60% of the total diffraction bandwidth. The heterodyne signal power is 3.8 dBm. The measurement results indicate that the method can optimize transmission capacity, suppress the crosstalk and can improve the laser heterodyne interferometric efficiency by an IF heterodyne signal voltage gain of 11 dB.

A Non-destructive Test(NDT) for steel cord conveyor belts was developed by using an X ray detector array. The principle of X-ray NDT was introduced and a collimator was used to eliminate the X-ray scattering.An acquisition circuit for multi-channel parallel data was designed to achieve real-time data acquisition. The reason for pixel non-uniformity of the linear array detector was discussed and an algorithm to correct the pixel non-uniformity was established.Then a three-segmented correction algorithm with less computation and better correction effect was proposed based on the response model. Experiments show that the spatial resolution of the image is 1.0 mm×1.5 mm and the non-uniformity of the image is below 2.57% for a steel cord conveyor belt with a width of 2 m and a speed of 3 m. Obtained image shows a good gray contrast,and its gray level difference for a 0.5 mm thick steel is about 13.The new NDT has achieved the real-time online monitoring function, and has advantages of intuitive, clear and so on compared with the tester designed by electromagnetic monitoring principles.

The paper designs a pulsed plasma thruster system based on water propellant and studies energetic threshold of its main working characteristics to solve the problems of low performance and high pollution of Teflon pulsed plasma thrusters. Based on an analysis of the forming condition and cause of electric discharge types, working energetic threshold is studied experimentally by the discharge voltage and current measurement.The study shows that the initial plasma that can provide trigger probability for steady operation and energy storage capacity are obtained only by enough electric-field intensity and trigger current, and the normal working energy range of the water propellant pulsed plasma thruster is decided by stored energies but not related to capacity values. The study provides a possibility for developing low power water propellant pulsed plasma thrusters of free pollution, high performance and wide applications.

For problems of system driving delay, commutation surge and dithering at a low velocity caused by nonlinearity such as backlash, friction and parameter varieties in a system, a series sliding mode controller for a tank gun control system based on Extended State Observer ( ESO) was designed. Firstly, depending on the measurable signals，a gun control system was decomposed to n first-order subsystems in series, and ESO was introduced to estimate the uncertainty of each subsystem. Then, by adopting a ‘backstepping method’, the sliding mode controllers were designed for each subsystem and made up these sliding mode controllers in series for the gun control system. The examination result shows that the method can restrain the influences caused by the diversified nonlinearity and can improve the system performance effectively.The design of ESO and sliding mode controller is simplified and prove to be realized in engineering because of the design of each first-order subsystem. Furthermore,this method overcomes the dithering problem excisted in traditional systems effectively.

A novel polarization sensor based on the mechanism of Sahara ant Cataglyphis was developed. To acquire the navigation performance of the sensor outside, several tests which used the output navigation angle of the sensor to control the mobile robot to move along a designed map was conducted. First, the structure and function prototype of the polarization sensor was presented. To improve the performance of polarization sensor, the optic integrating sphere was used as the polarized light source to replace the sky light, and the precision rotating table was taken as the standard angle to compensate the output angle of the sensor. After the compensation process, the angle output error of polarization sensor is within ±0.2°. Then, the mobile robot and how to use the polarization sensor to control the robot were briefly introduced. Finally, the process of navigation tests and the navigation performance comparison of the optical encoder and the polarization sensor were given.Results show that the latter method is better than the first one, and their average navigation position errors are 1.17 cm and 31.6 cm,respectively. According to the tests, the error of the polarization sensor doesn′t ac-cumulate with the time and can give the navigation message independently.In conclusion, it wouldplay an important role in the automation navigation systems in further way.

To monitor and research 30.4 nm radiation generated by the plasmasphere, a lunar-based Extreme Ultraviolet(EUV) camera was developed.A multilayer mirror optical system and a 30.4 nm photon counting detector were adopted as the main body of the camera, and a two-dimensional tracing mechanism drived by a stepping motor was used to trace the earth. Aim to the vibration and impact from the process of satellite launching, orbit changes from earth′s to moon′s, moon landing, and the cruel temperature environment of the moon, the optical-mechanical design of EUV camera gave a consideration to the environmental adaptability. After the optimization by finite element analysis,it shows that the first order resonant frequency of the optical-mechanical structure is 49.3 Hz with the mass less than 15 kg, the motion mechanism operates freely within -50～+80 ℃, and the mirror surface accuracy (RMS) is 13.44 nm(<14 nm) under the load of uniform temperature drop of 50℃.Those results meet the technical requirements of the camera.

To improve the measurement for gun rotated accuracy, the measurement error and the method to control the error for measuring the gun rotated accuracy by two theodolite intersection were researched. First, according to the principle of two theodolites intersection measurement, a space calculation model for measuring the gun rotated accuracy was established. Then the factors influencing the measurement error were quantitatively analyzed by the DT202C electronic theodolite, and the measurement error model was established. Finally, the idiographic realization method for the theodolite optimal disposition to control the measurement error was researched after predefining two markers on the gun tube, and the optimal disposition place was calculated by genetic algorithm. The theoretical calculation and the test results indicate that the measuring error of the gun rotated accuracy can be controlled within 0.20 mil by the reasonable disposition of the theodolites. It can meet the test requirements and can remove the uncertainty brought by the stochastic disposition of the theodolite.

According to the characteristics of a large optical telescope by large inertia and nonlinear frictions, an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) was designed to improve the response speed of the servo system. The working principle and basic structure of the ADRC was introduced,the regulation of parameters for the ADRC was given, and each parameter was analyzed imitatively. Finally, the ADRC was compared with conventional PID controllers. Actual results show that the ADRC can not only achieve a higher response speed without a overshoot, and its low-speed step response time can be shortened and the low-speed smoothness be improved.When it runs in 0.005 (°)/s, the system settling time is 1 s, the standard deviation of velocity fluctuation is 0.000 082 (°)/s (maximum in 0.000 42 (°)/s).The results demonstrate that the performance of the ADRC is better than that of the traditional PID controller. Experimental results show that the ADRC can inhibit friction, saturation and other nonlinear factors, and can improve the speed performance of the telescope servo system.

The slippage between discs and rail is one of important factors for the measurement accuracy of an involute. However,control of frictions effectively can modify the slippage of discs.In the paper, frictions between discs and rail are analyzed respectively when a cord and a belt are used to drive the discs to roll. According to the analysis and experiment,it shows that if measuring forces are 0.7 N and 0.2 N and the base discs is drived by the cord and belt, frictions are 0.02 N and 0.07 N respectively, for the base disc clockwise rolled; where the effect of the slippages of based discs on the involute measurement can be ignored. Moreover, the slippage can also be reduced by increasing the weight of base disc groups, and measurement difference of involute is 0.06 μm when the rolling directions of the base discs are different.

In order to obtain a high sensitive Love wave mass sensor, the Love wave propagation characteristics in a layered structure consisting of a ST-quartz and a silica were investigated theoretically and experimentally on the basis of acoustic dynamics,the wave equation for the layered structure was analyzed and its displacement and the dispersion curves were obtained by calculation. According to the computing results, a Love wave sensor with a SiO2 waveguide layer was designed and fabricated on a ST-quartz substrate by MEMS processes and its sensitivity was tested by electro-deposition experiment. The results indicate that the mass sensitivity of the device is 100 cm2/g and the detection limit is 3.65 ng,which meets the demand of biochemical detection for higher sensitivity basically.

Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional drivers by piezoelectric actuators in overheating, driving signal distortion and high speed requirements, this paper researches a driving method for a new motor based on the piezoelectric actuator. A driving circuit for the piezoelectric actuator based on a direct current step-up converter and a resonant circuit was proposed according to the circuit analysis of large capacitive load characteristic of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator. An offset circuit was presented to meet the demand of unbalanced voltage driving of the piezoelectric actuator. The Fourier method was used for the circuit wave analysis and power saving. Experiments show that the power consumption of the new driving circuit is 61.7% that of traditional linear drive circuits. It proved that the presented method is reliable for the drive of a new type of non-resonant piezoelectric motor. The experimental results indicate that the developed circuit could drive the motor smoothly with lower power losses, and the variable frequency and drive voltage have been realized.

In image matching process, the affine transformation is difficult to avoid. In exiting algorithms, Scale Invarian Feature Transform(SIFT) has strong resistance to changes of scale, rotation, translation and illumination changes generated by affine transformation.However,when an image has a view angle change, especially large change,the SIFT is not satisfactory. This paper researches the principle of the SIFT and improves its matching function.The latitude and longitude of camera axis are simulated firstly, and then the images are matched by using the improved SIFT algorithm. Experiments show that the algorithm not only retains the original advantages of the SIFT algorithm, but also been robust to changes of the angle.It has achieved a complete anti-affine transformation. In conclusions, the proposed algorithm is more suitable to affine transformation, especially large angle changes, as compared with SIFT algorithm.

To detect if the alloy steel socket sleeve is built in a correct location, an incorporated method for image clustering via the ant colony optimization algorithm and the character differentiation model based on the Support Vector Machine(SVM) was proposed to improve the detection speed and estimation reliability . Firstly,the observation stamps about all of the images were determined according to the differential analysis between each type of the gap images. Then, the first turn of ant colony algorithm for the clustering number unknown was conducted to ascertain the number of basic sorts, and the second turn of ant colony algorithm for the clustering number known was performed to conclude the exceptional sort for the gap images from the another source. Therefore, the every possible states could be covered with the developed differential program. Furthermore, an advanced distributary method based on SVM model was adopted to increase the estimation speed etc. The experiment results in production line indicate that the mis-estimated error ratio is less than 0.5% and the irretrievable error is near zero. The instrumentation equipped with above technique can meet the need of industry application well.

A no reference image sharpness assessment method based on the property of Contrast Sensitivity Function(CSF) was proposed to realize the sharpness assessment of optical measurement equipment without reference television images. Firstly, a reference image for an original was constructed by a low-pass filter and both images were performed the Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT),and intermediate frequency coefficients and high frequency coefficients are divided into two parts respectively to be performed the Inverse DCT(IDCT) to obtain sub-images. Then, the Structural Similarity(SSIM) of corresponding sub-images was calculated. Finally, the image sharpness is obtained through the weighted sum of sub-image structural similarities. The experiment results show that the proposed method can obtain the Pearson Correlation Coefficient(CC) in 0.915 2, Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient CC(SROCC) in 0.907 9 and out Rate (OR) in 0.034 5, which shows very high accuracy, monotonicity and consistency for the Gaussian blur image. The smallest defocus image can be quickly and accurately identified in the sequence defocus images and the effect is better than those of other four traditional focus evaluation functions. For different types of television blur images, the assessment results is more accord with human visual characteristics. It can be applied to optical measurement equipment television system and give accurate and reliable sharpness assessment of no reference television image.

In order to solve the centroiding problem of an over exposed star in star image processing, a universal centroiding algorithm was proposed with “first local calculation and then comprehensive integration”. First, the existence of the over exposure stars was confirmed with real star images. Then, by analyzing the grey distribution of over exposed stars, the over-exposure scale of every row/column was detected according to the corresponding grey value and the square weighted mass centroiding was applied to calculation of primary local results. Finally,an over-exposure scale related to scaling scheme was used again to decide corresponding weights of local results and the final result was obtained after a last integration. The simulation results prove that in an all-random experiment mode the final centroiding accuracy has be better than 0.05 pixel even the random noise is 30 pixel. The proposed algorithm is validated to be competent and could satisfy the demand of the centroiding algorithm for the high-accuracy and good adaptability in real applications.

The smear caused by a charge transfer for multi-phase TDI CCD in a remote sensing system couldn’t be eliminated by the motion compensation methods. First,the operation principle and forward motion compensation method are introduced. Then, according to the charge transfer mode of a TDI CCD,the velocity model of charge transfer in one line period is developed by employing an impulse function, velocities of image point and TDI CCD are analyzed, and why the charge transfer causes the smear is also presented. Furthermore,the Modulation Transfer Function of charge transfer smear existed in a multi phase TDI CCD is developed, and the contrasts of spatial frequency losses due to charge transfer smear for two, three and four phase TDI CCDs are illustrated. Finally, an image quality evaluation platform is established,an image drone with a resolution of 60 lp/mm is captured by a film aerial camera at Nyquist frequency, and effects of charge transfer smear on image quality for two, three and four phase TDI CCDs are studied,respectively. The results confirm that the proposed charge transfer model accords well with the experiment.

In order to overcome drawbacks in manual identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, a method for automatic identification of vulnerable plaques is proposed based on computerized analysis of intravascular ultrasound images. First, the Contourlet transform is combined with the Snake model to segment images and detect lumen borders and external elastic membranes. Two categories of new features representing texture and elasticity of plaques are then automatically extracted to quantitate the features of plaques. The texture features consist of first-order statistics and featuresfrom the gray-level coocurrence matrix, and the elastic features are extracted from strain tensors estimated by nonrigid image registration. Finally, three types of features are used to design classifiers including Fisher linear discrimination, support vector machines, and generalized relevance learning vector quantization. The experimental results on 124 plaques, consisting of 36 vulnerable and 88 nonvulnerable ones, reveals that 20 morphological features, 24 texture features and 6 elastic features has significant difference (P<0.05) between the two types of plaques.The Support Vector Machine(SVM) outperformes the other two classifiers with the sensitivity, specificity, correct rate, and Youden’s index of 91.7%, 97.7%, 96.7%, and 89.4%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can automatically and accurately identify vulnerable plaques.

Projected grating phase method with two-camera setups uses phase values to set up the corresponding points between the left and right images. For solving the problem of a lower speed in the traditional phase-based stereo matching method,a new phase-based stereo matching method using epipolar line rectification is presented to improve the speed of phase-based stereo matching. Firstly, the epipolar line rectification algorithm is used to transform the bi-stereo geometry into the epipolar standard geometry. That is, the epipolar line for a certain point on the left image is simply the horizon line with the same row coordinate on the right image. Then, based on the epipolar line rectifications of left and right phase maps, procedures of improved phase-based stereo matching method are presented. Finally, through three-dimensional reconstruction of certain objects, this paper analyses and compares the performances of original and improved phase-based stereo matching methods. The experimental results show that the improved method has shortened the matching time by 63 percent as compared with that of traditional method. The method can meet the requirements of high speed for industrial measurements.

On the basis of the mechanism of Smear effect and the image characteristics of a frame transfer CCD camera, a Smear removal algorithm which is based on the high precision background estimation is proposed. It can be applied to not only a single picture, but also sequences for imaging systems. This method firstly uses a statistic method to analyze the gray distribution of an original image to get the specific location of Smear effect automatically, then it takes Alpha-trimmed Mean Filter (ATMF) to estimate the intensity of the Smear effect exactly. Finally the difference way is used to eliminate the Smear effect. Experimental results show that this method can effectively eliminate the single or multi-Smear effects,and can ultimately improve the image quality.The proposed method meets the requirements of astronomic observing cameras for Smear removal.

A method to analyze the manufacture error of a workpiece based on the comparison inspection between Industrial Computed Tomography (ICT) images and Computer Aided Design (CAD) model was discussed. Firstly, the edged surfaces of ICT images were extracted by the Cellular Neural Network (CNN) with adaptive templates and the data were fused in three directions to obtaine the complete 3D edge surfaces. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the method of minimum bounding box were combined to perform a rough registration,and Singular Value Decomposition and Iterative Closest Point (SVD-ICP) algorithm were used to realize the refined registration for the edged surface data and the CAD model. In experiment,the k-d tree was used to improve the calculation speed of searching for the closest point. The experimental results validate that the comparison inspection method is automatic, visualized and high-accuracy. By the improved comparison inspection method for ICT images and CAD model, the ICT technology can be used to analyze and improve the manufacturing process.

According to the restoration and reconstruction of the grain boundaries in a metallographical image and the important role of mathematical morphology in image processing, the influences of traditional dilation of mathematical morphology on the gray-scale continuity of an image was demonstrated theoretically, and the relationship between the degree of influence and the sizes of structural elements was discussed. Then, an improved definition for the traditional dilation was proposed. A multi-scale geodesic dilation algorithm was presented to restore and reconstruct the grain boundaries based on the improved definition of dilation. First, the metallographical image was preprocessed based on the improved definition of dilation. Second, the seeds of the grains in the metallographical image were gotten by the methods of multi-scale iterative erosion and geodesic dilation. Finally, the grain boundaries in the metallographical image were obtained by the algorithm of conditioned dilation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is not only faster than the traditional methods of geodesic dilation in the restoration and reconstruction of the grain boundary, but also can obtain the grain boundaries with more clearness, accuracy, continuity and smoothness.