A heterodyne detection experiment is established to measure the constant rotation velocity and the variable velocity of targets,in which the diffuse reflectance target and simple harmonic motion model are taken as research targets.For uniform rotation velocity measurement, the heterodyne method and amplitude modulation velocity measurement are conducted at the same time to measure the rotation velocity of a diffusion target in two directions and 133 sets of results are obtained.Moreover,the variable velocity is measured for a target with like-harmonic motion by the same optical system, and the spectrum video is processed by the Matlab software to get the velocity.Tested results show that, in the uniform rotation velocity range from 0.05 to 16 m/s, the average relative error for positive and negative rotation analytical measurements are only 0.51% and 0.42%,respectively. In a variable velocity measurement for positive and negative rotations, the maximum speed are 0.555 6 and -0.659 m/s,respectively. The results indicate that the measurement has a higher accuracy and a higher Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) for a clear mid-frequency spectrum can be seen.