This study presents the results of hydrogeochemical studies carried out in Zeytun thermal springs in Kahramanmaras, located South Middle Anatolia-Turkey. More than 90 thermal water samples were collected on a regular basis from 2006 to 2008 to measure element concentrations as a monitor of earthquake precursors. Water samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. The observed B, Ba, Br and Ge concentrations for 16 months are in ranges of 79～422, 103～167, 28～93 and 0.3～1.2 μg·L-1, respectively. Chloride concentrations for these periods are in range of 7～21 mg·L-1. The data identify some element anomalies before earthquakes. These anomalies are characterized by decreases up to 158% in Ba and Cl concentrations. The occurrence of these anomalies can be attributed to stress/strain induced pressure changes in the subsurface water systems. It can be suggested that the thermal springs in the fault line area are ideal sites for precursors of earthquakes.

Spectral distribution of infrared radiation from plume by the method to calculate infrared radiance of the gaze direction in small sight field was calculated. Based on numerical value and form of radiative transfer equation, infrared radiant intensity of the gaze direction was calculated using the Malkmus statistical narrow-band model and CG approach. Flow field and mole fraction distribution were simulated using a FLUENT computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software. Infrared imaging simulation model of hot jet was established. The hot jet’s infrared images of liquid rocket engine were generated. The results demonstrate that the method can detect well-resolved fine structure of flow field. And the model is also applicable to calculation and simulation on infrared radiation of hot jet from engine.

The rapid pyrolysis of GAP/AP system under simulated combustion conditions was investigated by an on-line analysis, i.e. so called T-Jump/FTIR. The results show that the compositions of the main gaseous products for pyrolysis are changed, in comparison with the pyrolyses of single, which indicates that the interactions occur between the components of GAP/AP system. From an obvious effect of pressure on the main gaseous products for GAP/AP pyrolysis it is shown that the interactions between GAP and AP components arise from the gaseous products of AP and both the reactions in gas phase and in gas/condensed phase occur in the GAP/AP mixed system. The interactions between GAP and AP are not affected by test temperature. It is considered that the real time analysis of gaseous products of energetic material pyrolysis under simulated combustion conditions would be carried out by T-Jump/FTIR on-line analysis technique and from microcosmic reaction a technical approach used to explore the rapid pyrolysis of energetic materials and interactions between their components at high temperature and pressure would be developed by the on-line analysis technique from microcosmic reaction.

The BaZrO3∶0.05Bi, xEu(x=0, 0.010, 0.025, 0.050) phosphors were prepared by using high-temperature solid-state reaction in reducing atmosphere, and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The broadband emission peak of Bi3+ and the typical emission peaks of Eu3+ were observed in the BaZrO3 phosphors co-doped with Bi3+ and Eu3+ under 340 nm excitation. It is confirmed that energy transfer occurred between Bi3+ and Eu3+ in the BaZrO3∶Bi, Eu phosphors, and the white light BaZrO3 phosphors can be obtained through the energy transfer between Bi3+ and Eu3+.

Tb3+-doped CePO4 flower-like clusters were hydrothermally synthesized without using any template or surfactant by varying the reactant Tb3+ cation concentration. It was observed that the flower-like clusters were composed by nanowires with a diameter of about 80～90 nm and lengths up to 1 μm. The structures, morphologies, sizes and luminescence properties of the products were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), and luminescence spectra. With the reactant Ce3+/Tb3+ molar ratio of 0.850∶0.150, the uniform flower-like clusters were actually composed of a self-assembly of the oriented nanowires through an Tb3+-induced in the excessive PO3-4. It was found that the reactant Ce3+/Tb3+ molar ratio and phosphoric acid played key roles in the morphology control of the product. A possible formation mechanism for the flower-like morphology was also proposed. The luminescence properties of CePO4∶Tb flower-like cluster were performed, indicating that the strongest emission intensity was reached with 0.850∶0.150 molar ratios of Ce3+/Tb3+.

A series of red long afterglow phosphors with composition ZnxMg(1-x)Ga2O4∶Cr3+（x=0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0）were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction studies show that the phase of the phosphors is face-centered cubic structure. Photoluminescence spectra show that the red emission of Cr3+ originated from the transition of 2E—4A2. Due to the large overlap between absorption band of Cr3+ and emission band of the host. Cr3+ could obtain the excitation energy from the host via the effective energy transfer. The afterglow decay characteristics show that the phosphor samples with different Zn contents have different afterglow time and the afterglow time also changes with the value of x. The measurement of thermoluminescence reveals that the trap depth of the phosphor samples with different Zn contents is different. The samples with deeper traps have longer afterglow time.

The high-power white LED was prepared based on the high thermal conductivity aluminum, blue chips and YAG phosphor. By studying the spectral of different junction temperature, we found that the radiation spectrum of white LED has a minimum at 485 nm. The radiation intensity at this wavelength and the junction temperature show a good linear relationship. The LED junction temperature was measured based on the formula of relative spectral intensity and junction temperature. The result measured by radiation intensity method was compared with the forward voltage method and spectral method. The experiment results reveal that the junction temperature measured by this method was no more than 2 ℃ compared with the forward voltage method. It maintains the accuracy of the forward voltage method and overcomes the small spectral shift of spectral method, which brings the shortcoming on the results. It also had the advantages of practical, efficient and intuitive, noncontact measurement, and non-destruction to the lamp structure.

In the present study, dielectric barrier homogenous discharge in nitrogen was obtained between large plate electrodes (150×300 mm) at atmospheric pressure and the emission spectra of N2(C3Πu→B3Πg) and N+2(B2Σ+u→X2Σ+g 0-0 391.4 nm) were recorded. It was found that both the emission intensities of N2(C3Πu→B3Πg) and N+2(B2Σ+u→X2Σ+g 0-0 391.4 nm) increase with the rising of the applied voltage and the driving frequency, respectively. The main physicochemical formation mechanism of N+2(B2Σ+u) in N2 and He+N2 mixtures homogenous discharge was discussed, and the penning ionization was proved to be the dominant formation mechanism.

The technique of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy has already become an important method for studying the energy level structure of atoms and molecules. Analytic expression of 1+2+1 double REMPI probability of four-level system has been deduced with the theory of rate equation. Based on the expression, the present paper simulated the variations of ionization probability versus laser intensity, laser pulse duration and collision relaxation rate. It was found that in the 1+2+1 ionization mechanism the ionization probability increases with laser intensity, until saturation phenomenon appears in one and two excitation steps. If laser intensity increases further, the ionization probability will oscillate around the saturation value, and the oscillation amplitude will increase with laser intensity. With regard to the influence of laser pulse duration and collision relaxation rate on the ionization probability, the results show that the ionization probability increases from zero to the saturation value 1 with the increase in laser pulse duration, while it decreases linearly with the increase in collision relaxation rate.

The emission spectrum line shift and vibrational temperature of dot and line discharges, which coexist in argon/air dielectric barrier discharge, were measured and compared. Emission spectral lines of ArI (2P2→1S5）and the N2 second positive band system (C3Πu→B3Πg) were used to measure the spectrum line shift and the vibrational temperature respectively. It was found that the spectrum line shift of the dot discharge channel is larger than that of the line discharge channel, indicating that the former has high electron density compared to the latter. While the vibrational temperature of the dot discharge channel is lower than that of the line discharge channel.

It is a typical passive ranging technology that estimation of distance of an object is based on transmission characteristic of infrared radiation, it is also a hotspot in electro-optic countermeasures. Because of avoiding transmitting energy in the detection, this ranging technology will significantly enhance the penetration capability and infrared conceal capability of the missiles or unmanned aerial vehicles. With the current situation in existing passive ranging system, for overcoming the shortage in ranging an oncoming target object with small temperature difference from background, an improved distance estimation scheme was proposed. This article begins with introducing the concept of signal transfer function, makes clear the working curve of current algorithm, and points out that the estimated distance is not unique due to inherent nonlinearity of the working curve. A new distance calculation algorithm was obtained through nonlinear correction technique. It is a ranging formula by using sensing information at 3~5 and 8~12 μm combined with background temperature and field meteorological conditions. The authors’ study has shown that the ranging error could be mainly kept around the level of 10% under the condition of the target and background apparent temperature difference equal to ±5 K, and the error in estimating background temperature is no more than ±5 K.

In order to grasp the changes of the forging’s temperature field during heat treatment, a temperature field detection method based on infrared spectra for large cylinder forgings is proposed in the present paper. On the basis of heat transfer a temperature field model of large barrel forgings was established by the method of separating variables. Using infrared spectroscopy the large forgings temperature measurement system was built based on the three-level interference filter. The temperature field detection of forging was realized in its heat treatment by combining the temperature data and the forgings temperature field detection model. Finally, this method is feasible according to the simulation experiment. The heating forging temperature detection method can provide the theoretical basis for the correct implementation of the heat treatment process.

A new near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy method is proposed to rapidly detect α-cellulose content of natural cellulose (plant fiber: cotton, wood) pulp in a new clean pulping process. One hundred forty two samples were collected and their α-cellulose content data were determined by standard method GB/T 9107-1999. The samples were homogenized by grinding pretreatment to improve spectroscopy measurement accuracy. Effective classification models were built by SIMCA, with the total correct identification. Using partial least squares (PLS) quantitative calibration, α-cellulose of the whole and separate cotton and wood pulp was established, with the correlation coefficients of 0.954, 0.911, 0.839, SEP, 0.024, 0.012 and 0.016, respectively .The repeatability results obtained by the new method are in agreement with the results from GB/T 9107-1999. The new method is feasible for determining α-cellulose content of natural cellulose (plant fiber: cotton, wood) in clean pulping process.

In order to reduce the errors of near-infrared spectral acquisition, analytical models of coal spectra with different particle sizes, 0.2, 1, 3 and 13 mm, were studied in this paper. The feature information of spectra was extracted by PCA method, then two quantitative analytical models were established based on GA-BP and GA-Elman neural network algorithms. Through spectral preprocessing with data normalization and multiplicative scatter correction methods, the results showed that with the 0.2 mm size, the correlations between spectra and the standard value were the strongest, and the analytical precision of models were the best. But for smoothed spectra, the models, under 1 mm size, were better than others. Smoothing method was not suitable for the spectra with less obvious wave crest characteristics, while multiplicative scatter correction method was better. According to original spectra, particle size of 0.2 mm had the highest accuracy, followed by 1 and 3 mm and the worst was under 13 mm. Overall, the larger the size for coal particle, the more the unstable factors for spectra, increasing negative influences on analytical models.

The safety of wheat flour is always focused by all quarters of society. Based on comparing the feature of NIR spectra of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate in this research, the diffuse reflection NIR spectra of the wheat flour samples with different content of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate mixed in were collected. The calibration models of lime and calcium carbonate were developed by partial least square algorithm, with the validation method of cross validation. The result indicated that the determination coefficients (R2) of lime and calcium carbonate are 99.80% and 96.98% respectively, the root mean square errors of calibration set are 0.19 and 0.34 respectively; the root mean square errors of cross validation set are 0.26 and 0.75 respectively; the root mean square errors of prediction set are 0.63 and 0.44 respectively; the ratio performance deviations (RPD) are 8.57 and 5.24 respectively, which indicated that the calibration models were precise enough to adapt to the on-site rapid determination of lime in wheat flour. The result of F-test indicated that a very remarkable correlation exists between the estimated and specified values of the calibration sets and the external validation sets. This research, to some extent, will provide some reference methods for the rapid determination of wheat flour for quality safety, which is important for the quality control of wheat flour.

A dynamic prediction model for the content of Baicalin in Shang Jie plasters extract solutions was developed using near-infrared spectroscopy in transmission mode. Sixty five spectra were obtained through near-infrared transmission mode during extracting process. Refering to the content of Baicalin performed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the calibration model was developed with the application of partial least squares regression algorithm (PLSR). The constructed model was validated by 30 samples; some parameters of the calibration model were optimized by cross-validation. The root mean square error (RMSECV) of Baicalin was 0.006 8 mg·g-1, the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.9991, and the optimal dimension factor was 8; After predicted by test set, the root mean square error (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient (R) of prediction obtained were 0.009 2 mg·g-1 and 0.998 7 respectively. This work demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS could be used for the determination of Baicalin in Shang Jie plasters extract.

In the present study, tobacco quality analysis of different producing areas was carried out applying spectrum projection and correlation methods. The group of industrial classification data was near-infrared (NIR) spectrum in 2010 year of middle parts of tobacco plant from Hongta Tobacco（Group） Co., Ltd. Twelve hundred seventy six superior tobacco leaf samples were collected from four producing areas, in which three areas from Yuxi, Chuxiong and Zhaotong, in Yunnan province all belong to tobacco varieties of K326 and one area from Dali belongs to tobacco varieties of Hongda. The conclusion showed that when the samples were divided into two parts by the ratio of 2∶1 randomly as analysis and verification sets, the verification set corresponded with the analysis set applying spectrum projection because their correlation coefficients by the first and second dimensional projection were all above 0.99. At the same time, The study discussed a method to get the quantitative similarity values of different producing areas samples. The similarity values were instructive in tobacco plant planning, quality management, acquisition of raw materials of tobacco and tobacco leaf blending.

Tri-step infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with second derivative spectra and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-COS) ) was employed to identify and analyze the main components of Heilongjiang (HLJG), Jilin (JLG), Liaoning (LNG) genuine Herba Geranium. The emergence of several characteristic absorption peaks of tannins including 1 730 and 1 337 cm-1 and peaks around 1 618 and 1 318 cm-1 belonging to calcium oxalate suggested that Herba Geranii contained tannins and calcium oxalate. Differences near 1 370 and 1 230 cm-1 were found among the three Herba Geranii. In light of second derivative spectra, four more peaks of tannin components around 1 509, 1 204, 764 and 763 cm-1 and evident differences around CO stretching bands (1 750～1 600 cm-1) were observed. By 2D-COS spectra with further improved resolution, the three genuine Geraniums were visually distinguished due to their significant differences in auto-peak profile. HLJG has 7 auto peaks with a strongest peak around 1 621 cm-1, while JLG and LNG both have only 4 auto peaks with a strongest peak around 1 580 and 1 659 cm-1, respectively. It was demonstrated that the Tri-step infrared spectroscopy was successfully applied to fast analyze and identify genuine Geraniums from different geographical regions and subsequently would be applicable to the study of Chinese medicinal resources and quality standards.

The infrared reflectance spectroscopy from the sample simulating natural-rock prepared by kaolin, muscovite and montmorillonite mixed-powders was obtained by a spectrometer. Spectral data preprocessing was done using SNV. Random forest mathematical modeling was used for predicting the components of rock samples. The smallest root mean square error of the predicted three types of rock composition were 0.088 0, 0.095 6 and 0.121 2 respectively. The predictive studies showed that the application of near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to determining the content of the natural rocks and minerals of various rock composition is feasible. The study provides a theoretical basis for the rapid detection of the rock composition in the future.

The diffuse-reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) were used to study polygonum multiflorum Thumb and its extracts. The result shows that when acetone is used as extraction agent, the contents of extracts in polygonum multiflorum Thunb’s phloem are highest, those in polygonum multiflorum Thunb’s xylem are the lowest. Compared with DRIFTS and ATR-FTIR, it can be found that there are some differences between polygonum multiflorum Thunb and its extracts. There are two gentle absorption peaks at 3 576 and 3 147 cm-1 respectively for polygonum multiflorum Thunb, while there is a strong absorption peak at 3 351 cm-1 for its extracts, showing that there may be more OH… active ingredients in polygonum multiflorum Thunb’s extracts. Meanwhile, polygonum multiflorum Thunb has strong absorption peaks at 931, 859, 766 and 709 cm-1 respectively, while its extracts have no resembling absorption peaks. It also shows that the extracts are active ingredients.

In order to detect wheat quality rapidly and nondestructively, NIR wheat quality quick detection system was developed on the base of grating technology. To test accuracy, repeatability and stability of this self-made system, Bruker MPA spectroscopy was selected as target analyzer and 56 wheat samples were analyzed by building and validating PLS calibration models. In the 4 models of the self-made system, the coefficient of determination R2 is 92.38%, 93.48%, 93.16% and 94.44%; root mean square error of cross validation RMSECV=0.405, 0.374, 0.383, 0.346; ratio of performance to standard deviate RPD=3.62, 3.39, 3.82, 4.24, respectively. And evaluating indicators of validating results in the 4 models are as follows: R2=96.97%, 94.22%, 96.62% and 96.34%; Root mean square error of prediction RMSEP=0.221, 0.305, 0.233 and 0.243 respectively. The model of MPA spectroscopy gave an R2 of 95.99%, a RMSECV of 0.293, RPD of 5 and validation results are R2 of 98.31%, RMSEP of 0.165, respectively. The results show that the models of self-made instrument have good prediction performance, stability and repeatability, and wavelength and absorbance of the obtained spectra have a good repeatability. The prediction effect of single spectrum is not ideal, but it can be improved by using average spectrum of repeated acquisition. NIR wheat quality quick detection system can detect wheat quality with good performance.

The present paper is to study and develop a method for online monitoring of the column separation and purification process of active components that are madecassoside and asiaticoside of Centella asiatica L.Urban using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technology. After collecting 50%-ethanol eluant, we detected their NIR spectra and developed the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method of active components. Then, partial least square (PLS) was used to develop linear correlation between their NIR spectra and contents. During modeling, correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean square errors of cross-validation (RMSECV) were regarded as the indexes to select optimal wavenumbers and preprocessing methods. The optimal wavenumbers of madecassoside and asiaticoside were in the range of 12 000.8～7 499.8 cm-1 and 12 000.8～9 750.3 cm-1, respectively; R2 were 96.44 and 96.07, respectively, and RMSECV were 0.084 80 and 0.000 99, respectively. The above developed model was used for online monitoring of the contents of madecassoside and asiaticoside during the column separation and purification process of Centella asiatica L.Urban. The predicted results were satisfactory. This method was proved to be fast, convenient and precise. It can be used in online monitoring and quality control of the manufacturing of madecassoside and asiaticoside.

A rapid method was developed for discrimination of the geographical origins of rice with pattern recognition technique by near infrared spectrocopy (NIRS). A total of 119 geography signs product Xiangshui rice samples and 90 rice (Non-Xiangshui rice) samples produced from other places were analyzed by NIRS. After first derivative and smooth processing, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data. Through the loading graph of the first three principal components, characteristic wave band (7 700~6 700, 5 700~4 300 cm-1) with max-relativity was determined. In whole wave, using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and Fisher’s linear discriminant, the discrimination of Xiangshui rice and Non-Xiangshui rice was all 100%. The correct rate of specific geographical origins of Non-Xiangshui rice was 91.9% by cluster analysis and 96.7% by discriminant analysis. For analysis in the characteristic wave bands, the correct rate of discriminant by cluster analysis was higher than the analysis result through the range of the whole band. Therefore, characteristic wave band has strong representativeness. The results indicate that it is feasible to discriminate the geographical origins of rice with pattern recognition technique by NIRS, and selecting characteristic wave band is one of the validated methods to improve the precision of the discrimination mode.

In the present research, Raman spectra of 31 fatty alcohols were calculated by B3LYP/6-31G (d) and verified by taking methanol for example. The study results indicate that B3LYP/6-31G (d) is an effective approach for the fatty alcohols Raman spectra calculated. The vibrational assignment and Raman spectra features of 6 unbranched alcohols were discussed and the vibrating peaks derived from stretching vibration by C—O were chosen as the research target selection, and the multiple principal component regression models were established and validated with the parameters including polarizability, thermodynamic and energy parameters of the above unbranched alcohols. There exists significant correlation between the vibrating peaks derived from stretching vibration by C—O of fatty alcohols and the parameters (sig.=0.015). This study will benefit the Raman spectra research of homologs.

The analysis of multi-component three-dimensional fluorescence overlapping spectra is always very difficult. In view of the advantage of differential spectra and based on the calculation principle of two-dimensional differential spectra, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra with both excitation and emission spectra is fully utilized. Firstly, the excitation differential spectra and emission differential spectra are respectively computed after unfolding the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. Then the excitation differential spectra and emission differential spectra of the single component are obtained by analyzing the multi-component differential spectra using independent component analysis. In this process, the use of cubic spline increases the data points of excitation spectra, and the roughness penalty smoothing reduces the noise of emission spectra which is beneficial for the computation of differential spectra. The similarity indices between the standard spectra and recovered spectra show that independent component analysis based on differential spectra is more suitable for the component recognition of three-dimensional fluorescence overlapping spectra.

With dibenzoylmethane (HDBM) as the first ligand and 5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline as the secondary ligand, a new reactive ternary europium complex, Eu(DBM)3Aphen, was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and TG-DTG. Its photophysical properties were studied by using UV, luminescence spectra, lifetime and quantum yield measurements. The complex Eu(DBM)3Aphen showed characteristic luminescence of europium ions under UV excitation. Compared with the complex Eu(DBM)2AA reported in the literature, complex Eu(DBM)3Aphen exhibited much stronger luminescence intensity, higher monochromaticity, longer lifetime and higher efficiency. The results showed that the complex Eu(DBM)3Aphen would be not only a potential red-emitting material but also a reactive complex, which would provide a new way for the synthesis of rare earth polymer with outstanding luminescence properties.

The biointeractions between a series of new organometallic carborane derivatives and model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by means of fluorescence and synchronous spectroscopy. The observations demonstrate that the ferrocene-carborane conjugates (FcSB1, FcSB2 and FcSBCO) and the ruthenium(Ⅱ)-arene carborane complexes (RuBFc and RuBCOOH) can form a steady complex with BSA and statically quench its fluorescence. The ferrocene-carborane conjugates could remarkably affect the tertiary structure of BSA and induce the microenvironment changes of Trp and Tyr residues from hydrophilic to hydrophobic environment. But the effect of the ruthenium(Ⅱ)-arene carborane complexes on the tertiary structure of BSA is much less. This study would give meaningful insights into the evaluation of the promising biomedical applications of the new carborane derivatives and benefit the development of potential multifunctional metallodrugs.

Using the FLS920P spectrometer of Edinburgh Instruments the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the fresh orange juice and the three samples of 100% orange juice bought in the supermarket were studied and their characteristic parameters were obtained. The comparison of the spectra and the characteristic parameters shows that they are apparently different, especially at the emission wavelength of 683 nm. This might be caused by the food additives added into the orange juice bought. The three-dimensional spectrum of the fresh orange juice with carrageenan was obtained. The comparison of the samples bought and the one with carrageenan shows that they are with little difference. The characteristic parameters of them are almost of no difference. Thus the conclusion can be drawn that the samples bought all have carrageenan. The results of the paper can somewhat help quantitatively study carrageenan in the orange juice.

The present study is to investigate the temporal variation patterns through the dataset of spectral reflectance of maize leaf using a fitting method. In the field experiment, 1 261 pieces of spectral reflectance of maize leaves at different leaf positions were measured every day during its life cycle. After signal/noise analysis, the visible and near infrared (VNIR) band (400～960 nm) was selected in this study. The spectral reflectance was fitted using a spectral scatter diagram (SSD) method. Seven fitting coefficients were employed to denote the temporal variation patterns of maize leaf, which can also be fitted by bi-variate quadratic functions. The comparison of the fitted results with the original measurement data shows that the fitting results are reasonably good, where for 98.7% leaves r is larger than 0.99, and for 80.9% leaves RMSE is less than 0.001 5. All the fitted spectral reflectance is compared with the original measurement data, where r is 0.997 8, and RMSE is 0.0105. The results show that this method is particularly suitable for presenting the temporal variation patterns of the spectral reflectance of maize leaves.

Based on Geoeye-1 high spatial resolution images and field canopy hyperspectral reflectance of five mangrove communities located at Beibu Gulf, this paper verified the capability of Geoeye-1 imagery for mangrove canopy species identification by utilizing spectral information. The research investigated that: (1) in the spectrum range between 350 and 1 100 nm, the mangrove canopy reflectance exhibited optimum separability in six wavebands (435, 469, 523, 677, 751 and 761 nm); (2) three mangrove species could be effectively identified through the pixel-based spectrum operation, while the Bruguiera acquired the highest producer accuracy up to 93.03%; (3) species end member of Bruguiera extracted directly from the combined imagery conducted on hyperspectral hypothesis performed higher precision than the field training samples behaved. The spectrum significance of the high spatial resolution image was approved, and reference and basis were also illustrated for the further mangrove species distinguishing from the object-oriented perspective.

A new borate polymer PAA-ran-PAAPBA that can specifically adsorb glucose was introduced in the glucose measurement based on surface plasmon resonance, and the high-precision specific detection of glucose concentration was realized. Six layers and twelve layers of borate polymer were respectively bound onto the SPR sensors through the layer-by-layer self-assembly binding method, and the effect of different layers of borate polymer on the glucose surface plasmon resonance measurement was studied. The experiment was conducted in the concentration range of 1~10 mg·dL-1 (interval Δ=1 mg·dL-1), 10~100 mg·dL-1 (interval Δ=10 mg·dL-1), and 100~1 000 mg·dL-1(interval Δ=100 mg·dL-1), experiment data was fitted by quadric curve and the fitting degree of refractive index difference ΔRU and glucose concentration was obtained. Results showed that the 12-layer-polymer sensor was better than the 6-layer-polymer sensor in the first two smaller ranges, and the measuring result was not significantly affected by layers in the third range, indicating that for the small concentrations increasing polymer layer can dramatically improve the measurement.

In the condition of pH 7.0 HEPES buffer solution and 0.19 mol·L-1 NaCl, the substrate strand DNA (SS) and the enzyme strand DNA (ES) hybridized into a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) at 80 ℃. The substrate chain of dsDNA could be cracked by Cu2+, and the released single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were adsorbed on the nanogold(NG) surface to produce a stable NGssDNA conjugate. The unprotected NG was aggregated to form NG aggregation (NGA) that exhibited a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 627 nm. When the Cu2+ was added, the NGssDNA increased, and the NGA decreased that caused the RRS intensity decreasing at 627 nm, and the solution color changed from blue to red. The decreased RS intensity ΔI was linear with the Cu2+ was added, the NGssDNA increased, and the NGA decreased that caused the RRS intensity decreasing at 627 nm, the solution color changed from blue to red. The decreased RS intensity ΔI was linear to the Cu2+ concentration in the range of 15～1 250 nmol·L-1, with a regression equation of ΔI = 0.17c-2.3, coefficient of 0.989 5 and a detection limit of 8 nmol·L-1 Cu2+. In addition, the influence of foreign substances on the determination of 0.75 μmol·L-1 Cu2+ was considered. The results show that 3 μmol·L-1 Ca2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+, 2 μmol·L-1 Fe2+, 1 μmol·L-1 Sn2+, 4 μmol·L-1 Al3+, 12 μmol·L-1 Mn2+, 4 μmol·L-1 Co2+ and Ni2+ did not interfered with the determination. This indicates that this method has good selectivity. This new, rapid, sensitive, selective RRS method was applied to the determination of Cu2+ in water, with satisfactory results.

The Er3+ and Yb3+ doped Y2O3 Nano powder was prepared by sol-gel method. Based on 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 green conversion luminescence intensity rate of Er3+, the sample surface temperature changes caused by the increase in 980 nm diode laser pump power were studied. The results show that with pump power increasing, the sample surface temperature substantially rises. And the surface temperature reached to 820 K when the pump power was 1 000 mＷ. The phenomenon plays an important role in the analysis of upconversion process, especially with saturation power. And this feature has a potential application prospect in the biomedicine, soft tissue hole burning as well as the field of temperature sensing materials.

The molecular inclusions of symmetrical tetramethyl-substituted cucurbituril and 2-(butane-1,4-diyl)dibenzimidazolium dichloride were investigated by using electronic absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy．The experimental results reveal that the formation of host-guest inclusion complexes between TMeQ and SBB were formed with stoichiometry ratios of 1∶1 and 2∶1, The calculated binding constants are K(1∶1)=(4.79±0.01)×104 L·mol-1 and, K(2∶1)=(8.51±0.01)×1010 L2·mol-2 respectively based on the absorption spectrophotometric analysis, while the calculated binding constants are K(1∶1)=7.02×104 L·mol-1 and K(2∶1)=2.88×1010 L2·mol-2 respectively based on the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. The values of K are reasonably consistent.

The film can be easily damaged by impurity particles, and the damage characteristics of HfO2 film produced by metal particles and the corresponding thermodynamic process were studied. The strong absorption of laser light by metal particles can make film melt, gasified and ionized, and by this way, the film can be peeled and form tround pits point; The metal particle size is closely related to the processes of laser absorption, thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion closely related effects, etc. Under the same irritation energy, the temperature rise is determined by particle size, which can make different size of film damage pits. There is a certain size of metal particle which cause the highest temperature rise and make the film damage easily. Based on the analysis of irradiation ionization effects of laser plasma emission spectrum of the metal particles, the radiation spectrum is mainly focused on the ultraviolet part and photon energy is higher than the incident laser, which has stronger ionization effects, exacerbating the film removal.

Band integral transmission was defined and plastic film thickness measurement model was built by analyzing the intensity variation when the light passes plastic film, after the concept of band Lambert Law was proposed. Polypropylene film samples with different thickness were taken as the research object, and their spectral transmission was measured by the spectrometer. The relationship between thickness and band integral transmission is fitted using the model mentioned before. The feasibility of developing new broad band plastic film thickness on-line measurement system based on this method was analysed employing the ideal blackbody at temperature of 500 K. The experimental results indicate that plastic film thickness will be measured accurately by integral spectrum method. Plastic film thickness on-line measurement system based on this method will hopefully solve the problems of that based on dual monochromatic light contrast method, such as low accuracy, poor universality and so on.

Using 3-D fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), the composition and characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from degradation products and inhibition mechanism of Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 on Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The results indicated that the growth of M. aeruginosa could be effectively inhibited by the fermentation broth of HJC-D1 and the removal efficiency was 72.6%±5.5% with an addition dosage of 5% (φ). The main fluorescent material in DOM was humic-like acid, and the molecular weight of degradation products was around 1 000 Da. The cell structure of M. aeruginosa was damaged during the biodegradation process. With the results of TEM, the antialgal mechanism was speculated as following: M. aeruginosa cell walls are destroyed by antialgal bacterium, and organelles are released which resulted in the death of algae cell finally.

The precise analysis of mineral abundance is a key difficulty in hyperspectral remote sensing research. In the present paper, based on linear spectral mixture model, the derivative of ratio spectroscopy (DRS) was introduced for spectral unmixing of visible to short-wave infrared (Vis-SWIR; 0.4～2.5 μm) reflectance data. The mixtures of different proportions of plaster and allochite were analyzed to estimate the accuracy of the spectral unmixing model based on DRS. For the best 5 strong linear bands, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of the abundances and the actual abundances were higher than 99.9%, while the root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 2.2%. The result shows that the new spectral unmixing model based on DRS is simple, of rigorous mathematical proof, and highly precise. It has a great potential in high-precision quantitative analysis of spectral mixture with fixed endmembers.

Snow grain size is a key parameter not only to affect the energy budget of the global or local region but also characterizing the status of snow vapor transport and temperature gradient. It is significant to monitor and estimate the snow grain size in large area for global or local climate change and water resource management. Recently, remote sensing technology has become a useful tool for snow grain size monitoring and estimating. In the present paper, the estimate models were built based on simulating the snow surface spectral reflectance curve in visible-infrared region and the sensitive bands and snow indices for snow grain size were selected. These models help estimate snow grain size by hyperspectral remote sensing. Through validating with ground true data, the results show that these models have higher explorative accuracy using 1 030, 1 260 nm and normalized difference snow index (460 and 1 030 nm). In addition, the correlation slopes of estimated and observed valves are 1.37, 0.61 and 0.62, respectively. R2 are 0.82, 0.86 and 0.93 and RMSE are 55.65, 50.83 and 35.91 μm, respectively. The result can provide a scientific basis for snow grain size monitoring and estimating.

Nowdays, under the circumstance of global warming, the traditional study of solid-state snow can not meet the current needs. The present paper involves qualitative analysis of the polarization reflectance spectrum of snow in a different melting state. Special attention is paid to the investigation of the relationship among polarization angles, azimuth angles, the light incidence zenith angles, the detection zenith angles and the different types of snowmelt. It turns out that all these factors have certain influences on the polarization reflectance spectrum of different types of snowmelt. At the waveband of the visible light, the polarization reflectance of snowmelt is the largest at 90°, and the smallest at 0°. The wider the detection angles and the incidence angles, the larger the polarization reflectance. Anomalies (unusual phenomena), different from other spectra, occur when the polarization reflectance spectrum of snowmelt is observed at different azimuth angles. The characteristics of polarization spectra at some certain wavebands play an important role in determining the water content of snowmelt, and meanwhile with the increase of which, the polarization reflectance will go down obviously. These rules have laid a solid foundation for the quantitative analysis of snowmelt properties by using polarization spectrum in the future and are also of great importance in fresh water management as well as monitoring natural disasters such as the spring flood.

This paper, catering to the need of the study of remote sensing for thermal radiation polarization properties of ground features, detects the thermal radiation multi-angle polarization properties of snow, and makes analysis of effects of four factors, i.e. detecting zenith angle, detecting azimuth angle, bands and polarizing angle, on the thermal radiation properties of snow. The results show that the radiance and brightness temperature of snow increases with the detecting zenith angle. When the detecting zenith angle is greater than 30°, the growth accelerated, and the effect of detecting zenith angle on the brightness temperature of snow is more significant than that of the radiance; the changes in detecting azimuth angle have some effect on the radiance and brightness temperature of snow, and have much influence on the brightness temperature than that of the radiance; the radiance and brightness temperature of snow is significantly affected by the changes in bands, and the effect on the radiance is more significant; the changes in polarizing angle have some effect on the radiance and brightness temperature of the snow, and have much influence on its brightness temperature. The results of the study provide new ideas and methods for the application of remote sensing technology to carrying out the thermal infrared quantitative study of snow, and have important theoretical significance and potential applications.

The retrieval of snow grain size is one of the important research directions for cryosphere snow remote sensing. In the present study, we designed the measurement plan of different snow grain size by different snow layer. A SVC HR-1024 ground-based spectral radiometer was used for measuring the spectral property of different snow grain size in northern Xinjiang, China. At the same time, the snow grain size and shape were measured by a hand-loupe with scale. Then the DSPP method was used to calculate the equivalent snow grain size. Finally, the asymptotic radiative transfer (ART) theory was applied to retrieve the snow grain size from measured snow spectral reflectance of different snow layer by optimizing the inversion band and the snow grain size factor “b”. The retrieved snow grain size was validated by the measured snow grain size from DSPP method. The results showed that the DSPP method is an effective means of measuring the equivalent snow grain size. However, there is a large deviation of the snow grain size sample in the same snow layer. It is necessary to improve the measurement method of the single snow grain size sample; The study showed that the near-infrared bands are the most effective selection for retrieval of snow grain size. The retrieval algorithm from ART is feasible. When the snow is dry, the authors optimize the inversion band and the snow grain size factor b in the Northern Xinjiang, China. The optimal band wavelength is 1.20 μm and b is 3.62.

The present paper, based on the Qitai county of Xinjiang, selected 40 soil samples, and used two methods respectively, i.e. multiple linear stepwise regression(MLSR) and artificial neural network (ANNs) , to establish the inversion and predieting model of soil organic matter (SOM) content and the model test from measured reflectance spectra and relative test were carried through to the models. Through quantitative analysis, the conclusions can be drawn as follows that the precision values of the different models vary from one to another, the model fitting effects order from high to low is that the integrated model for artificial neural networks (ANNs) is best, single artificial neural networks (ANNs) model is better, while stepwise multiple regression (MLSR) models are worse. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) has the strong abilities of linear and nonlinear approximation, while its integrated model for artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an important way to improve the inversion accuracy of soil organic matter (SOM) content, with the correlation coefficient up to 0.938, root mean square error and total root mean square error are minimum, being 2.13 and 1.404 respectively, and the predictive ability of the soil organic matter (SOM) content are very close to the measured spectrum,so the analysis results can achieve a more practical prediction accuracy for the best fitting model.

Farmland drought has the characteristics of wide range and seriously affecting on agricultural production, so real-time dynamic monitored has been a challenging problem. By using MODIS land products, and constructing the spectral space of LST and LAI, the temperature LAI drought index (TLDI) was put forward and validated using ground-measured 0~10 cm averaged soil moisture of Ningxia farmland. The results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) of both them varies from 0.43 to 0.86. Compared to TVDI, the TLDI has higher accuracy for farmland moisture monitoring, and solves the saturation of NDVI during the late development phases of the crop. Furthermore, directly using MODIS land products LST and LAI and avoiding the complicated process of using the original MODIS data provide a new technical process to the regular operation of farmland drought monitoring.

Environmental pollution can cause poisoning, disease and death of organisms, and the absorption and the accumulation of different biological tissues on pollutants are different. The absorption of heavy metal elements of various biological tissues on pollutants is an important biomedical research problem. In the present paper, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method was used to quantitatively analyze heavy metal elements in various tissues of some contaminated fish samples. Optimal experimental parameters were obtained in the LIBS experiments for these fish samples, calibration curves for plumbum and barium elements were fitted and the contents of heavy metal elements were determined with the external calibration approach. Experimental results showed that there was the heavy metal accumulation in fish liver mouth, and gills etc, however the heavy metal content in fish meat is very low. The proposed method can be used for the assessment studies of the influence of pollution on the organisms, and can be promoted in the biomedical fields.

The authors studied the innovative applications of the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in automotive hydraulic power steering system fault diagnosis. After having determined Fe, Cu and Al content in the four groups of Buick Regal 2.4 main metal power-steering fluid whose travel course was respectively 2~9 thousand kilometers, 11~18 thousand kilometers, 22~29 thousandkilometers, and 31~40 thousand kilometers, and the database of primary metal content in the Buick Regal 2.4 different mileage power-steering fluid was established. The research discovered that the main metal content increased with increasing mileage and its normal level is between the two trend lines. Determination of the power-steering fluid main metal content and comparison with its database value can not only judge the wear condition of the automotive hydraulic power steering system and maintain timely to avoid the traffic accident, but also help the automobile detection and maintenance personnel to diagnose failure reasons without disintegration. This reduced vehicle maintenance costs, and improved service quality.

Global warming has become a fact of life, and the night temperature increase higher than during the day. In the present research, to explore the effects of climate warming on element contents of plants, ICP-AES was used for the direct determination of nine kinds of element contents of reproductive branches and vegetative branches of the Mongolian drug Agi, which grew in the day, night and diurnal warming field. The results of the study show that the responses of reproductive branches and vegetative branches to day, night and diurnal warming were not significant different, but the negative response was greater than the positive response. The effects of day warming on the element contents were not significant, but night warming lower the contents of Al, Fe and Mn significantly. There was interaction between day warming and night warming.

For determination of elements in the leaves of Prunus mongolica, the samples were digested by nitric acid-perchloric. The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn,Al, Sr, Sn and Pb in the leaves of Prunus mongolica were determined by ICP-AES, at the same time a blank experiment was carried out. The results showed that the recovery rate of the ten elements was between 93% and 110%, and the relative standard deviation was between 0.33% and 2.94%. This method is fast, simple and accurate.

The present paper describes a simple method for the determination of trace elements in sunflower seeds by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). HNO3+H2O2 were used to achieve the complete decomposition of the organic matrix in a closed-vessel microwave oven. The contents of 10 trace elements (Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, P and S) in sunflower seeds were determined by ICP-OES while 18 trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ti, V and Zn) were determined by ICP-MS. The rice reference material (GBW10045) was used as standard reference materials. The results showed a good agreement between measured and certified values for all analytes. The concentrations of necessary micro elements Ca, K, Mg, P and S were higher. This method was simple, sensitive and precise and can perform simultaneous multi-elements determination of sunflower seeds.

In the present paper, characteristics of material compositions, phase structures, surface element states, and transformation mechanism of oxidized particles from Dongshengmiao pyrite-polymetallic sulfide deposit were studied using modern analytical testing technology including XRD, FTIR and XPS. The results show that the samples consist of gypsum, calcite, quartz, muscovite, goethite, organic matter, etc. Primary ore in deep oxidation zone mainly under went such processes as oxidization, hydrolysis, dehydration and carbonation. Compared to the surface oxidation zone of arid and extremely arid regions in the northwestern China, the oxidation process and oxidizing condition of the deep oxidation zone were less complex. New mineral type was also not found, and extensively developed sulfate minerals were rare to be seen. The research results can not only be applied to mineral identification of oxidized particles from this type of ore deposit but also play an important role in ore exploration, mining, mineral processing, etc.

For the digital X-ray fluorescence analyzer, the voltage of the instability baseline will directly affect the performance of the instrument, resulting in decreased energy resolution. In order to solve this problem, Kalman filtering algorithm was used for pulse signal baseline estimate in the digital X-ray fluorescence. Whether using the classic Kalman filter, or the simplified sage-husa, or the improved sage-husa, their baseline filtering effects were all poor. So, it is necessary to improve and optimize existing algorithms. The method of Double-Forgotten was put forward to establish a new model of adaptive Kalman filter algorithm based on the sage-husa. The experiment results show that a very good filtering effect was obtained using the mathematical model of the baseline filter. The algorithm solved the problem of filtering divergence, avoided slow convergence of baseline and realized the pulse baseline restoration, and improved the instrumental energy resolution.

Automatic classification and analysis of observational data is of great significance along with the gradual implementation of LAMOST Survey, which will obtain a large number of spectra data. In classification rules extracted, there is often a great deal of redundancy which will reduce the classification efficiency and quality seriously. In the present paper, a post-processing method of star spectra classification rule based on predicate logic is presented by using predication to describe the classification rules and logical reasoning to eliminate redundant rules. In the end, some experimental results on LAMOST’s stellar spectra data show that, with no classification accuracy reduction, the efficiency of auto classification is significantly improved.

The 2-D slit array mask is a new design of Hadamard spectrometer mask. Having discussed the influence of the inconsistency caused by the machining errors in the size and location between the slits in the same column on the wavelength accuracy of the Hadamard spectrometer, the authors bring up with the way to decrease the influence on the wavelength accuracy of the spectrometer caused by the difference in the height and location vertical to the spectrum between the slits in the same column, and then estimate the spectral shift caused by the relative location shift along the spectrum between the slits in the same column. A model for simulation was built, and the measurement errors in the decoded spectrum generated by one column of the slits on the mask were calculated, when there are inconsistency errors in width and location along the spectrum between the slits in another column. Based on the simulation calculation, we can determine the machining precision of the mask. The research will be meaningful to the design of the 2-D slit array mask using MEMS(micro-electro-mechanism system) technique and the revise of the decoded spectrum, which can provide the spectrometer with a reasonable wavelength accuracy.

The present paper studied spectral irradiation responsivities calibration method which can be applied to the far ultraviolet spectrometer for upper atmosphere remote sensing. It is difficult to realize the calibration for far ultraviolet spectrometer for many reasons. Standard instruments for far ultraviolet waveband calibration are few, the degree of the vacuum experiment system is required to be high, the stabilities of the experiment are hardly maintained, and the limitation of the far ultraviolet waveband makes traditional diffuser and the integrating sphere radiance calibration method difficult to be used. To solve these problems, a new absolute spectral irradiance calibration method was studied, which can be applied to the far ultraviolet calibration. We build a corresponding special vacuum experiment system to verify the calibration method. The light source system consists of a calibrated deuterium lamp, a vacuum ultraviolet monochromater and a collimating system. We used the calibrated detector to obtain the irradiance responsivities of it. The three instruments compose the calibration irradiance source. We used the “calibration irradiance source” to illuminate the spectrometer prototype and obtained the spectral irradiance responsivities. It realized the absolute spectral irradiance calibration for the far ultraviolet spectrometer utilizing the calibrated detector. The absolute uncertainty of the calibration is 7.7%. The method is significant for the ground irradiation calibration of the far ultraviolet spectrometer in upper atmosphere remote sensing.

A method of determining relative spectral responsivity of photodetector by LED-based spectrum-tunable integrating sphere source is put forward, and the measuring principle and algorithm are exhaustively described. In the course of calculation, the radiant transmission integral equation was changed into summation formula, and the degree of approximation between integral value and summation value is related to the selected wavelength interval. The differences between integral value and summation value in different wavelength intervals of Si photodiode and CCD were simulated and analyzed. The simulated results demonstrated that the relative differences between signal integral value and signal summation value of Si photodiode and CCD were below 0.2% in 10 nm interval, so 10 nm interval was an ideal choice. In the end, the factors affecting measurement accuracy were discussed and the solution suggestions were given. This method is easy in structure, and it avoids the measurement transmission errors of some instruments, such as monochromator.

In the present paper, a new calibration method of absolute spectral irradiance responsivity of sun channel of sun photometer was developed. A tunable laser was used as source and a standard tranfer detector, calibrated against cryogenic absolute radiometer, was used to measure laser beam power. By raster scanning of a single collimated laser beam to generate the uniform irradiance field at the plane of effective aperture stop of sun photometer, the absolute irradiance responsivity of center wavelength of the 870 nm unpolarized sun channels of sun photometer was obtained accurately. The relative spectral irradiance responsivity of corresponding channel was obtained by using lamp-monochromator system and then used to acquire the absolute spectral irradiance responsivity in the laboratory. On the basis of the above results, the top-of-the-atmosphere responsive constant V0 was obtained by integration with extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance data. Comparing the calibration result with that from GSFC, NASA in 2009, the difference is only 3.75%. In the last, the uncertainties of calibration were evaluated and reached to 2.06%. The principle feasibility of the new method was validated.

An optical fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer end surface was modified using layer-by-layer assembly and chemical covalent cross linking method, and the refractive index (RI) response characteristics of coated optical fiber F-P sensor were experimentally studied. Poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) were chosen as nano-film materials. With the numbers of layers increasing, the reflection spectral contrast of optical fiber F-P sensor presents from high to low, then to high regularity. And the reflection spectral contrast has good temperature stability. The reflection spectra of the optical F-P sensor coated with 20 bilayers for a series of concentration of sucrose and inorganic solution were measured. Experimental results show that the inflection point extends from 1.457 to 1.462 3, and the reflection spectral contrast sensitivity to low RI material and high RI material is 24.53 and 3.60 dB·RI-1, respectively, with good linearity. The results demonstrate that the functional coated optical F-P sensor provides a new method for biology and chemical material test.

The refractive index sensing characteristics of the polarization maintaining (PM) microstructured optical fiber (MOF) chirped grating was systematically investigated based on finite element method (FEM) and transfer matrix method (TMM). The chirp Bragg grating reflection spectrum was numerically analyzed with the fiber air holes injected with different refractive index medium, and the relation between the reflection spectrum area and the analyte refractive index is discussed here. The analysis results show that when the analyte refractive index increases, the reflection spectrum area will be reduced; and the detection demodulation is simplified with the light intensity demodulation. Moreover, the dependence of the reflection spectrum on the center big holes size, the chirp coefficient and the site function was studied. Since two polarization modes respond similarly to the outside perturbation, the fiber possesses high stability. The results provide the theoretical basis for the application of PM-MOF grating in the optical fiber refractive index sensor and the optical fiber label-free biosensing.

Imaging AOTF is an important optical filter component for new spectral imaging instruments developed in recent years. The principle of imaging AOTF component was demonstrated, and a set of testing methods for some key performances were studied, such as diffraction efficiency, wavelength shift with temperature, homogeneity in space for diffraction efficiency, imaging shift, etc.

The optical axis is one of the most important parameters in the application of wave plates. In the transmission mode of spectroscopic ellipsometer, taking the advantage of Jones matrix to analyse the phase difference of P and S directions in the process of spinning wave plate, a new method for the determination of optical axis of quartz wave plate was designed. The method has characteristics of simple light path structure and high efficiency in the judging of the optical axis, and this method thus got a good practicability.

The acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is the most outstanding progress of near-infrared spectrometer since the 1990s. Restriction in working range and performance of the device exists due to the traditional single-transducer structure. The design of a near-infrared acousto-optic tunable filter with high-throughput and wide-bandwidth adopting a dual-transducer structure is reported in the present paper. By calculation and simulation based on the wave vector diagram which satisfies the parallel-tangents condition, the optimal cutting direction and cutting angle of the acousto-optic crystal, the length of the transducers and other best parameters were obtained. The tuning range of the filter is improved significantly while the resolution, diffraction efficiency and other parameters satisfy the requirements by making two transducers working at the high-frequency part and low-frequency part respectively．According to the testing results of the designed filter, the spectrum resolution is better than 15 nm and the diffraction efficiency is reaches to 41% with the tuning range of 900～2 400 nm.

The EUV imager is used to observe the 30.4 nm radiation of the earth’s plasmasphere on the lunar surface. The 30.4 nm multilayer is the key optical part of the imager. According to the technical parameters, the B4C/Mg, B4C/Mg2Si, B4C/Al, B4C/Si, Mo/Si and so on were chosen. The period thickness, ratio of the material and the number of the periods were optimized and the reflectivity of those multilayers were calculated. In consideration of the lunar enviro nment, the Mo/Si and the B4C/Si multilayer were deposited by magnetron sputtering coating plant. The reflectivity of Mo/Si and B4C/Si multilayer at 30.4 nm is 15.3% and 22.8% respectively.

In the present paper, AlF3-YbF3∶Er3+ was prepared by high temperature solid phase reaction, and the concentration effect of Er3+ on luminous intensity of phosphors was studied. The crystal structures of the phosphors were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the upconversion luminescence properties of phosphor were studied by fluorescence emission spectra. Upon 980 nm excitation, when the Er3+ concentration was fixed to be 0.7 mol％, the maximum red emission intensities can be obtained in the sample. Furthermore, the research results showed that the fitted slope for red transition emission was 2.24, indicating that red emission is due to a two-photon excitation process.