The development and application of the distributed fiber-optic vibration sensing system such as Sagnac interferometer system, Mach-Zehnder interferometer system and phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) system in transport fluid pipeline detection are introduced. The monitoring principle and application characteristics of different test systems in oil gas, water pipeline and other application areas are analyzed, and the development trend of the distributed fiber-optic sensing technology in pipeline leak detection is also described. Through the abroad development status analysis of the technology field, it is concluded that the domestic technology has certain advantages in the field of Sagnac interferometer system and Mach-Zehnder interferometer system. However, for the forefront of Φ-OTDR system the domestic and the abroad are at the same level.

The virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) has a significant impact on many areas such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), dispersion compensating and pulse shaping due to its advantages including large angular dispersion, simple structure and low cost. Combined with diffraction grating, the spectral aliasing phenomenon is solved by VIPA to make it possible to be used in optical filter, spectral imaging and processing. The spectrometer based on VIPA has been a research topic due to its superiorities such as quick acquisition time, wide range of spectral measurement and high spectral resolution and can be applied in many areas such as gas detection, molecular science and microbiology. Based on ZEMAX optical software, VIPA 2-D imaging is simulated, the effects of the thickness and the incident angle of the VIPA on diffraction, loss, spectral and spatial resolutions are analyzed and the best imaging thickness and angle of the VIPA are discussed. Brillouin and optical frequency comb spectrometers based on VIPA are introduced. The performances and applications of spectrometers are proposed and the future development is forecasted.

Space debris is becoming a major potential safety hazard for spacecraft in normal operation. Large space debris can be detected and identified by ground-based observation methods to guarantee the operation safety of the spacecraft. Space-based optical detection method is mainly used to detect small space debris with the size of 1~10 cm. According to small space debris, combing infrared and visible light detection modes, remote detection and identification processes for small space debris are realized. The design parameters of infrared detection optical systems are proposed through calculating. A background elimination method is proposed according to the angular velocity difference between stars in the background and space debris target. And the space debris is observed by narrow field of view visible light focus method to record and extract the corner features of nine different angles to identify targets. Value simulation and experimental demonstration show that the small space debris can be detected and identified by the proposed algorithm effectively.

The remote pumped amplifier is the key component of ultra-long span unrepeated all-optical communication system. The basic principle of the remote pumped amplifier (ROPA) is introduced. A practical remote pumped Erbium doped fiber amplifier design scheme suitable to the ultra-long span unrepeated all-optical communication system is proposed. And with practical test conclusion and software simulation result, the problems influencing remote pumped amplifier gain are analyzed and discussed. The conclusion can be used as an important reference for the ultra-long span remote pumped amplified system design.

Narrowband filter is used to separate monochromatic light in complex wavelength light, which is an important device of optical imaging system. With the development of optical imaging system, narrowband filter is also widely used in various fields. Germanium (Ge) material narrowband filter is taken as an example to analyze the effect of temperature rising on the performance. And analysis is verified through simulation analysis and experiment comparison.

Due to the limited power of satellite loads, the space-based high-energy laser scheme can only be in the idea. In order to increase the space-based laser availability of space debris clean-up, the heat distribution of 1 064 nm continuous wave laser irradiation aluminum metal is researched. Through analyzing the continuous wave action on the thermal effect, the analytical model of the heating effect of metal materials and the numerical simulation of the temperature field distribution are established. On this basis, the feasibility of the low power density of the continuous wave laser heat damage on aluminum metal structure is analyzed. Under the condition of continuous wave laser irradiation at low power large spot, the working state of aluminum metal structure exist the comprehensive damage model of heat and mechanics. The space debris clean-up can be realized using the continuous wave laser with low power density.

A new optical temporal first-order differentiator based on a double-clad and dual-core fiber structure is proposed. According to coupled-mode theory and vector analysis and through choosing reasonable structure parameters of the double-clad and dual-core fiber, a first-order optical temporal differentiator suitable to microwave regime is obtained and the processing signal bandwidth is 1.63 THz, the central frequency is 196.25 THz. The proposed differentiator has high accuracy and energy efficiency. In particular, the bandwidth and the central frequency of the differentiator can be tuned by changing the thickness of the clad to get the optical temporal differentiator with bandwidth and central frequency both tunable.

In coherent optical communication systems, the laser phase noise causes the signal to rotate in the complex plane, so the signal carrier phase estimation and recovery are needed in the receiver. The characteristics of current carrier phase estimation algorithms are compared and researched. The basic principles of two classical algorithms Viterbi&Viterbi and blind phase search(BPS) are introduced, and six phase noise estimation algorithms with two-stages are summarized. The hardware complexity and line width tolerance of the eight carrier phase estimation algorithms are compared, and their performances in 16 QAM system are also evaluated.

The interference performance to the target recognition in images from strong light and the suppression of information processing to the strong light interference are researched. And the information processing effect is analyzed quantitatively. Two different research schemes are adopted. The first is strong light interference effect analysis based on base map without interference. The interference image is compared with the visible light image without interference in a same scene. And the interference suppression effect is directly analyzed based on the registered images. The second is strong light interference effect analysis based on target template. The target template is selected for simulation and the recognition levels of the target template under target scene before and after processing are calculated respectively and compared to get the suppression effect of the information processing to strong light interference. The information processing effect can both be quantitatively statistically analyzed through the two research schemes. Processing effect is quantified to provide technology support to information processing technology.

More critical requirements on the power supply design are put forward due to the implementation of avionics equipment power supply compatibility test method. With the practical engineering, a design integrated with electronic switch and fuse, front-end voltage regulation and transient suppression is introduced and applied in airborne equipments. The equipments pass airborne equipment power supply compatibility compliance verification test. Experimental results show that the design is feasible.

A method of improving the target recognition probability of laser detection in the air is proposed by using the broadening effect of the cloud to laser echo signal. A digitization system suitable to pulsed laser rangefinding is designed. Echo signal digitization is completed through echo signal high frequency sampling. And the relative target recognition algorithm is used to identify the targets such as cloud, etc.

According to the requirements of small angle measurement, with the auto collimation angle measurement technology, an auto collimation optical path mathematical model is built and the equation about the photoelectric position detector (PSD) image point coordinate Y and the flat mirror deflection angle α is deduced. PSD small angle measurement system is composed of preamplifier, A/D conversion circuit, sampling circuit and liquid crystal display. PSD position sensors output duplex angle information data, the ADC circuit completes A/D conversion, the single chip microcomputer completes data operation, in the end, the results of the position and the deflection angle are displayed on LCD screen. Simulation results show that the preamplifier circuit performance and single chip microcomputer sampling of 10-2 mrad level precision both meet the system requirements.

Observation and aiming instruments have many types and kinds, but inspection equipments with single function cannot meet the needs of operation. A general optical inspection maintenance equipment is needed. Based on the application analysis of the observation and aiming instrument inspection, the design of general test and maintenance system for the observation and aiming instrument is proposed and a practical implementation method is introduced.

With the development of radio-over-fiber (ROF), for getting 60 GHz millimeter wave signal, an improved solution based on secondary heterodyne method to produce eight times frequency millimeter wave is proposed. And a complete model for producing a millimeter wave system is presented. The feasibility of the system is analyzed theoretically and the influence of the laser line width and optical fiber dispersion on the system performances is analyzed. The system is simulated through OptiSystem software, the 60 GHz millimeter wave is demodulated which verifies the correctness of the scheme. The eye diagram of the system and the influence curve of the laser line width on the system bit error rate are obtained, which verifies that the narrow laser line width is helpful to reduce the system bit error rate.

The influences on vehicle precise optical systems from shock and vibration are analyzed. The main factors influencing on optical system precision and stability from the deformation and vibration of the optical platform are pointed out. And a vehicle optical platform vibration system design scheme is proposed. ANSYS finite element method is used to analyze the vibration modality of the optical platform vibration isolation system. Vehicle optical platform vibration test is completed. Analysis and test results show that the vehicle optical platform vibration isolation system has good stability and attenuation effect under strong vibration condition. The design technology scheme and vibration test have an important engineering application for vehicle precision optical systems and equipments.

The optical elements with the thickness and length or diameter ratio less than 1:10, or sometime 1:40, are called thin optical elements. So the processing difficulty of the thin optical elements is aperture deformation, and high precision surface processing requirements make the processing work more difficult. The aperture deformation reasons in processing main include cementation deformation, thermal deformation and stress deformation. So the difficulty of thin optical elements processing is how to eliminate or reduce the deformations to get the needed high precision thin elements. The reasons and solutions of the above three kinds of deformation are introduced to provide a certain guidance to the actual production.