Some optical engineerings need real-time atmospheric parameter profiles to forecast atmosphere transmittance and atmospheric background radiation. It is not convenient and easy to obtain realtime atmospheric parameter profiles. A method was proposed to construct the atmospheric parameter profiles mode. The scale-coefficients at different heights were obtained based on the historical radiosonde-data and real-time ground-based data over years. Then the real-time atmospheric parameter profiles using the mode and the scale-coefficient were realized. Using Xiamen district as example, comparing the simulated profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor density profiles and precipitable water vapor with the radiosonde profiles, the results show that the difference of temperature profile under troposphere is less than 2.5 K, the pressure doesn’t change much, the water vapor density profiles are identical with rediosonde profiles in clear days and the difference of precipitable water is less than 15%. The proposed method can be used in some research programs to obtain real-time atmospheric parameters profiles.

Based on the data of solar radiation and normal meteorological elements during 2010～2011 in Jian’ou, Fujian Province, the relationship between them was analyzed, then a diurnal forecast model was built by using the solar radiation in 2010 and meteorological data. Finally error analysis was carried out. The results are as follows. The solar radiation has a close relationship with temperature, pressure, relative humidity, cloud, surface temperature and duration of sunshine, in which water vapor pressure, relative humidity, precipitation and cloud cover and total exposure are negative correlation, others are positive related. The smallest correlation between normal meteorological elements and total amount of radiation is the wind speed, followed by water vapor pressure, while the biggest one is the sunshine, followed by ground temperature. By using the gradually regression equation established in different seasons and daytime, the hourly and daily contribution factors were found to be different as follows: there are temperatures, relative humidity, ground temperature and solar radiation in spring; ground temperature and sunshine in summer; relative humidity in autumn, winter morning total low cloudiness, ground temperature and sunshine in winter are the main contribution factors to the total irradiation vloume, while the temperature at midday and nightfall, relative humidity, ground temperature and sunshine are main contribution factors to the total irradiation volume. The forecast results indicate that the error between forecast value and actual value are relatively stable, which maintained between 10%～45%. The error value is the smallest in summer, followed by autumn and spring, and the biggest in winter. The forecast effect is better at midday than in the morning and evening.

Based on the in situ data of five cruises, aerosol optical properties over the East China Seas are analyzed, and the SeaDAS aerosol models are also evaluated. Results show that about 60% of aerosols in these regions show weak absorption, 20% are strong scattering aerosols, and the rest 20% show strong absorption. Aerosol volume size distributions in these regions mainly have two peaks, but there is another inconspicuous peak between the coarse mode and fine mode. So it’s better to describe the volume size distribution by a sum of three lognormal distributions than by two. The comparison between the in situ data and the SeaDAS aerosol models indicates that the influence of strong absorbing aerosols such as dust and soot can not be ignored. The current SeaDAS aerosol models are mainly designed for non-absorbing or weak-absorbing aerosols, and can not entirely meet the requirements of atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing in the East China Seas.

The acquisition of high precision satellite orbit and attitude parameters is of great significance for the popularization and application of satellite data product. The data format, meaning of the parameters and dimension of ZY-3 satellite metadata file (. AUX) are analyzed, and the satellite orbit and attitude parameters are fitted for any time. The analysis of the fitting accuracy shows that the ZY-3 satellite orbit is operating smoothly, the accuracy of satellite orbit fitting based on quadratic polynomial can reach meter level, and it keeps a good consistency with 5 m measurement accuracy designed by GPS on the satellite. In the imaging period, its attitude change is quite stable. This value can be used as the initial value of exterior orientation elements applied to the satellite on-orbit geometric calibration and the accurate positioning of image.

Based on the imaging principle of frame transfer CCD sensor, some key problems during photoelectric coversion, charge transferring and electron detecting were discussed, such as pixel response non-uniformity, camera shaking, charge transfer efficiency, the frame transfer smear, etc. The corresponding mathematical model was established. The simulation system was designed based on the platform of VC++ 6.0. At last, based on the experimental method, by changing the CCD parameters, such as the transfer efficiency, exposure time, etc, the simulation results were analyzed. Experimental results showed the validity of simulation system.

With the application demand of optical metrology based on correlated photons method in recent years, spectral distribution of type-I noncollinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is theoretically analyzed. Two different cases including ideal phasing-matching and nonideal phasing-matching are considered, SPDC spectral distribution curve is formed by 355 nm CW laser pumping type-I noncollinear BBO crystal, and numerical simulation results show that two cases have almost the same spectral distribution. Lastly measurement experiment of SPDC spectral distribution is designed. The experiment shows type-I noncollinear SPDC spectral distribution is in good agreement with numerical simulation.

Keeping the diffuse reflection reference plate in leveling status in the process of field spectral measurement was helpful in reducing the uncertainty of the solar incidence angle into the reference plate. In order to reduce the operation strength of the field spectral measurement and to improve the measurement efficiency, a platform that can level the reference plate rapidly was designed and realized by using the digital signal controller TMS320F2812, inclinometer SCA100T-D01 based on the 3-dimension MEMS technology, and step motors comprised of a close-loop control system. The operation principle of the auto-leveling platform were introduced, and the hardware and software of the control part of this auto-leveling platform was descript part by part in detail, and the system operation flow chart was conducted, too. Compared with the traditional leveling method, that levels the reference plate manually by using the level ruler, this platform carries the characteristics of rapidity and high accuracy.

Sunshine duration is a basic item of the surface meteorological observation. A new sunshine recorder, photo-thermal type sunshine recorder is introduced. This sunshine recorder is designed based on the principle of thermocouple; the solar direct radiation can be calculated according to the temperature difference of two thermocouples, and the sunshine duration can be obtained. The principle and structure of the sunshine recorder are introduced, and the energy transmission in wire and performance of the sunshine recorder are discussed. The structure of the sunshine recorder is simple, the performance is good, and the response is quick, along with the variation of the solar radiation intensity without manual manipulation. The automatic operation can be completely achieved, and the measurement of sunshine duration is accurate.

The design and performance of two-channel constant temperature wind tunnel detection system is introduced. The tunnel system can make temperature and wind speed stable, and the differential temperature can be adjusted. The performance of the system is tested through experiments. The standard deviation of air temperature fluctuation of the fixed points in wind tunnel (0.025℃-the maximum) is smaller than which (0.059℃)in room. The transverse field of temperature in wind tunnel is not homogeneous, which in cold and heating tunnel the standard deviations are 0.044℃ and 0.059℃. The system is used as a platform mainly for testing HTP-2 micro-thermal meter. It is proved that heat radiation has bad influence on measurement of micro-thermal meter by the system, and the radiative heating of the wire filament of micro-thermal meter is 0.365℃.

In order to achieve high-precision observations of solar spectral irradiance, a method which combines solar motion trajectory tracking and four-quadrant detector based on photoelectric tracking was adopted. The principles of solar motion trajectory tracking and the design of the tracking device based on four-quadrant detector were discussed in detail. To test the tracking precision of the device, a test system based on linear CCD was designed, and the outdoor experiment was carried out. The results show that the sun-tracking accuracy of the device is better than ±0.030, and the stability is better than 1.4%, which meet the requirements of the high precision spectral irradiance observation.