Firstly, the history and types of infrared detector are shown, including room tempreture and low temperture infrared detector. Second, the material for every kind of infrared detector are analyzed, including VOx, a-Si for room tempreture detector and HgCdTe, QWIP, Tin iodide superlattice for low tempreture detector. Finally, black silicon for infrared detector is introduced.

In the process of atmospheric radiative transmission in the visible light band, the measured value of sun angle changed along with the remote sensor’s position, and the images received different energy. The basic concepts of solar elevation angle are illustrated and radiative transfer mode code Motran5 is used to quantitatively analyze the difference of energy with various solar elevation angle. By summarizing the method of solar elevation angle correction of other scholars, a model of radiance between different solar elevation angle and 0
sun elevation angle is built by numerical simulation method, a correction method is put forward by means of the model. A comparison between correction and 0
radiance is carried out, relative error of less than 1% shows that the correction is desirable.

The statistical methods are used to analyze the data of refractive index structure parameter of surface layer in October, November and December in a mountainous area of west Fujian Province.The results show that the daily variations of refractive index structure parameter of surface layer in the area have obvious local area characteristics. The turbulence strength of November is weaker than that of October or December. The behavior of refractive index structure parameter in daytime decreases with the height increase and agrees with “－2/5” rule. The behavior of refractive index structure parameter at night decreases with the height increase and agrees with “－1/3” rule. The turbulence strength of October is the strongest in the three months. On the condition of same heights, the refractive index structure parameter in sunny day is about two times than the refractive index structure parameter in cloudy. In the end, the effects of atmospheric turbulence of surface layer on laser engineering on the condition of ceterain assumptions are provided.

A self-designed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) equipment with self-cleaning system for on-line coal quality monitoring was introduced. By using the device, automatic sampling can be realized, and automatic real-time quantitative analysis of the elements of C, Ca, Mg, Ti, Si, H, Al, Fe, S in pulverized coal of coal transportation pipeline can be accomplished and be converted into industrial analysis (gross calorific value and coal ash) results. An automated prototype LIBS apparatus has been developed for possible application to power plants for on-line analysis of unburned carbon (UC) content in fly ash. A new mathematical process is proposed to distinguish C line from Fe line, and the second-order polynomial multivariate inverse regression is utilized to establish the calibration model and minimize the matrix effects, with the accuracy of carbon content measurement to be 0.26%. Finally, a portable LIBS device for soil contaminants insitu detection is reviewed, which can accomplish fast qualitative analysis of heavy metal in soil.

Precipitation is an important investigation object of global hydrothermal circulation and climate change. Data of precipitation particle spectra has important applications in automation identification of present weather, research of cloud structure and correction of weather radar echoes. A system for precipitation observation based on linear image sensor can capture image of precipitation particles, which provides raw data for researches of microphysical characteristics of raindrop. On the basis of a brief introduction of work principle of precipitation particle measurement system based on linear image sensor, the key technology of precipitation particle measurement and linear image data process are discussed. The demand of optical system parameters, high sampling speed of linear image sensor and linear image data process are analyzed separately in order to expect that linear image acquisition technology can be better applied in precipitation particle measurement.

The distribution statistics of cloud layers over China Sea and adjacent sea area are derived from 4-year CALIPSO 5 km level 2 version 3 lidar cloud layer data from 2007 to 2010. The changes of cloud occurrence frequencies by year, month and geographic location are analyzed. The statistics of cloud occurrence frequency from 2007 to 2008 MODIS data are used for the comparison. The results show that, in the research area, the differences of cloud occurrence frequencies are less than 3% for clouds with same number of layers in different years, and the regional distributions of cloud occurrence frequencies of different years are similar. Cloud occurrence frequencies are higher than 80% near the equator and less than 50% close to 20
N. The statistical results are consistent with MODIS data. Cloud occurrence frequency has obvious differences for different months within the same year and the maximums of 4 years are all in June or July respectively. The changes of cloud occurrence frequency with latitude are obviously for the clouds with same layer number within the same year.

Sea ice is one of the most important factors restricting the development of the Arctic Ocean passage. The medium resolution spectral imager (MERSI) onboard Storm III satellite (FY-3) has the advantage of large scanning range, so it is available to collect observational data of the same area in the Polar Regions more than five times within a day. It helps to monitor sea ice in the Arctic Ocean dynamically. Using MERSI multi bands data, the sea ice distribution information around Greenland on June 13, 2011, is obtained accurately by the presented method. Firstly, it was necessary to carry out radiometric calibration, projection and other preprocessing to the data. Secondly, taking two bands ratio and normalized different snow index (NDSI) as the recognition parameters, the sea ice, water and cloud were distinguished by the maximum between-class variance threshold method. This results can provide technical support for the application of domestic satellite data in optimal route selection and shipping security in the Arctic Ocean.

A method of thermostatic control of LED as light source for differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements is presented. A Peltier is used to control LED’s temperature and its working current is regulated through PID algorithm in order to keep LED’s temperature constant. Hardware design and software flow of thermostatic control system is demonstrated, and the thermostatic control effect and stability of LED’s spectrum are tested. The results show that the impacts of ambient temperature on LED temperature are effectively restrained and ±0.1℃ of control accuracy is obtained. Compared with the LED without thermostatic control under the same condition, the residual noise of the LED with thermostatic control is markedly lower, which also proves the availability of this method.

The human eye is an imperfect refractive system which has kinds of aberrations, including on-axis aberrations and off-axis aberrations, all of which have influence on the imaging quality of retina. But at present most of the ocular aberration detection methods focus on on-axis measurement, such as defocus, astigmatism, and part of high orders aberrations. The ocular off-axis aberrations detection method based on the Hartmann-Shack is proposed, the measuring system is set up and the experimental test is carried out. When the off-axis angle changes from 0
around to 5
, 10
, root mean square(RMS) values change from 1.12 to 1.36 (1.52), and 1.41 (1.96), and the results show that with the increase of the off-axis angle, the image quality of human peripheral vision decreased significantly. The reason is the increase of the off-axis aberrations, the other reason is due to the decrease of the peripheral vision photoreceptor cells density.

The trap detector is the core component of solar spectral irradiance instrument, but its response rate changes with temperature. In order to ensure the long-term high-precision observations of solar spectral irradiance in the large temperature range field, the temperature of trap detector should be controlled automatically. The method using semiconductor thermoelectric cooler(TEC) to control temperature was presented, and two temperature control circuit based on DSP and the ADN8830 were designed to drive TEC. In the method based on DSP, the digital temperature sensor DS18B20 was used to obtain the temperature, and switch-PID algorithm was used to generate control signals to drive the TEC. The thermistor was used as the sensor, and the temperature was controlled by internal integrated algorithm in the method based on ADN8830. The experiments on the effect of the two circuits show that, the method based on ADN8830 was simple and efficient compared with the method based on DSP, which can control the temperature of the trap detector fast and effectively in the range from －10 ℃ to 40 ℃, and the temperature was stabilized within the range of 25 ± 0.12℃.