In present, detecting the upper altitude wind by using the continuous observation of cloud images is widely used in the application of satellite cloud imagery, which can obtain a wide range and large scale wind field’s information. There is little research on using ground-based cloud images to calculate cloud motion winds. A method of cloud motion winds of ground-based infrared cloud images is proposed. The development status of ground-based cloud measuring instrument is analyzed, the threshold method is designed to acquire whole sky cloud height by high spatial and temporal resolution ground-based infrared cloud image, the object matching method and object tracking method are used to choose tracking clouds, the quick search algorithm is used to search tracking clouds, and the calculation method of ground-based cloud motion winds is presented. At last the quality control ideas of cloud motion winds is discussed. Detection of upper altitude wind by the ground-based infrared cloud image, convention measurement of upper altitude wind and cloud motion wind of satellite images can supplement each other.

In order to comprehend signal similarities and differences observed by similar instruments on board different satellite platform, the infrared channel signals observed between FY-2C VISSR and TRMM VIRS during process of typhoon “Aili” from Aug. 27, 2005 to Sep. 3, 2005 are compared. Statistical results indicate that more than 70% samples have less than 5 K infrared temperature differences observed between FY-2C VISSR and TRMM VIRS. In the condition of clear sky, results display less than 1.5 K in average brightness temperature observed by VIRS than by VISSR, which is the same for the cloudy sky at the far infrared channel of the both instruments. However, there are relative large differences of brightness temperature detected by both instruments at the middle infrared channel in the cloudy sky, and these differences increase with the rising of cloud tops.

A compact gas sensor based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) was developed for trace methane quantification in impure hydrogen. The sensor is equipped with a microresonator to confine the sound wave and enhance QEPAS signal. The normalized noise-equivalent absorption coefficients (1 σ) of 2.45×10-8cm-1 W/Hz1/2 for CH4 detection at 27 kPa were demonstrated with the QEPAS sensor configuration, which corresponds to the detection sensitivity of 3.2 ppm (1 s averaging time).

The oil contained in wastewater has fluorescence characteristics. The fluorescence characteristics of import and export oily wastewater samples from Daqing Oil Production Plant 13 #, Daqing Chemical Plant and Petrochemical Refineries were investigated by the fluorescence analysis. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopies of oily wastewater were obtained. The results show that, by selecting the wavelength difference Δλ=40 nm, 60 nm and 80 nm, refinery oily sewage of the oil production plant in Daqing, Daqing Chemical and Petrochemical from import and export can be distinguished from each other. When Δλ changes in the synchronous spectrum of the same concentration of the oil solution, the spectral shape, number and peak position change. Synchronous fluorescence spectrum of wastewater from the import and export of the same industry have large differences.

As the main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, CO2 takes global warming factor up to 60%, leading to a serious impact on the global ecosystem and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the monitoring of CO2 . Based on the principle of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS), a room-temperature DFB laser was used as an optical source, and an absorption line of CO2 near 2004 nm was obtained. The CO2 concentration can be calculated via the Beer-Lambert law. Meanwhile, in order to prove the accuracy of the result, ecological flux standard instrument is used as the reference. The results show that both measurement accuracy is considerable, up to 0.2 ppm. The exploration of the research can provide a basis for instrument miniaturization and a long time monitoring of the CO2.

Leachates were obtained for mineralized domestic waste of two different landfill ages with the laboratory leaching device. With the simulation experiment for groundwater pollution by landfill leachates, 3-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3DEEM) fluorescence spectra of the groundwater samples which were polluted to different extent were analyzed, all these components in DOM were analyzed using fluorescence region integration (FRI) method, in order to screen the characteristic pollution marks and provide the probability of groundwater pollution monitoring. The results show that the EEM of leachate is characterized by a typical fluorescence chromophore loacted at Ex /Em =280 nm/342 nm and Ex /Em =340 nm/420 nm nearby, dominated by kind of fulvic acid of visible range; and the EEMs of groundwater were characterized by two typical fluorescence chromophores loacted at Ex /Em =280 nm/342 nm and Ex /Em =240 nm/446 nm nearby, dominated by kind of protein-like substrance and fulvic acid of ultraviolet range. With the increase in the proportion of leachate, the fluorescence intensity of fulvic acid in visible range (Ex /Em =310 nm/408 nm nearby) increase, and the fluorescence intensity of protein-like substrance decrease. The groundwater pollution of leachate can be detected by analyzing the change of fluorescence intensity in fulvic acid of visible range, fluorescence intensity ratio of Ex /Em =340 nm/420 nm and Ex /Em =280 nm/342 nm or the FRI of Ⅲ region and Ⅵ region.

Aerosol directly affects the radiation balance of the land-atmosphere system by absorbing and reflecting solar radiation. With the continuous improvement of technology and algorithm, calculating aerosol direct radiative forcing based on satellite remote sensing is possible. The aerosol direct radiative forcing in Beijing area from 2004 to 2009 is calculated by using the MODTRAN radiative transfer model based on the MODIS aerosol and surface albedo data sets, and the comparison of calculated result and AERONET data is made. It is proved that this method is a meaningful exploration to calculate aerosol radiative forcing based on the satellite data over land. Aerosol of Beijing area has strong thermal effect. The aerosol direct radiative forcing from 2004 to 2006 shows a significant increase in trend; since 2007, as the environmental governance measures such as traffic restriction is gradually implemented, the increasing trend of aerosol direct radiative forcing slows down. In 2009, the direct radiative forcing decreases.

The atmospheric information obtained by airborne environmental atmospheric composition detecting system is closely related to the spatial position. The master control system of atmospheric composition detecting system is designed to integrate geographic information system (GIS) to improve detecting precision and provide accurate spatial reference information for subsequent data inversion. By using the functions of spatial data management, analysis, graphical display and output of GIS, this system has achieved flight route planning, visual display of route, real-time path tracking and geographical data storage which provides a certain reference for the operator.

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a high sensitive absorption spectroscopy. The key technique is to cut off laser light sharply and detect the signal when the laser intensity inside the cavity reaches a certain value. When the laser frequency is resonant with the cavity, the CRDS can be realized utilizing the quickly decreased reflected light signal of cavity to trigger off the acousto-optic modulator controlled by TTL signal. As the laser light is interrupted, the ringdown signal can be detected with a fast respond detector. Labview is used to accomplish data acquisition and data fitting, and the fitting result of the ringdown time of the empty cavity is 2.54 μs. The method is simple and valuable, and can be used in mirror reflectivity measurement and spectra analysis.

In the case of image gray distribution without significant double peaks and the complex background, the dynamic image segmentation method combined with global threshold has good adaptability. The global threshold of near-infrared image s, and the threshold value of the small-block images d are evaluated by the method of OTSU, and the threshold matrix D with the original image by the bilinear interpolation algorithm. Finally, the structure of threshold matrix T and segmentation of image are completed by adjusting the scale coefficient k. This method can effectively split images of the furnace tube in petrochemical refinery.

Taking meteorologic observation as the application target, the optical system design of thermal infrared camera based on microbolometer detector array was presented. The optical system has a focal length of 60 mm, spectrum band is 8?14 μm, field angle is 7
. The infrared objective lens was designed based on complicated Cooke configuration. Analysis shows that the lens imaging performances approach diffraction limitation. Objective was also designed with athermalization. The results show that in the temperature from －20℃ to 60℃ the lenses have a favorable performance with imaging spot diagram which is approximately equal to Airy disk diameter.