The quantitative remote sensing research on vegetation biochemistry compositions is of great significance not only on many scientific research aspects, such as ecosystems, global change, carbon, nitrogen cycle et al, but also has great meaning of guiding agricultural production, monitoring crop growing status and assessment, analyzing the agricultural fertilizer situation, the fine classification of vegetation and early warning of forest fire, et al. Based on the comparative analysis of related work at home and abroad, the development progress of quantitative remote sensing of vegetation biochemistry compositions was summarized. From three aspects of experience analytical methods, semi-empirical analytical methods, physical model approach, the inversion methods and research developments at this stage of vegetation biochemistry compositions were summarized, the strengths and limitations of various methods were clear expatiated, and the development prospects of inversion of vegetation biochemistry compositions were pointed out according to the current development trend of satellite remote sensing.

In ocean-atmosphere system, errors may be resulted in retrieval of the water-leaving reflectance without regard to aerosol vertical distribution, so that it affects the precision of ocean-color remote sensing. The effect of aerosol vertical distribution on the top of the atmosphere (TOA) reflectance was simulated by radiative transfer model. The result indicates that the error of the TOA reflectance () achieves 10%, especially 30%, while aerosol vertical distribution isn’t appropriate. The relative error () increases with increasing aerosol optical thickness and aerosol absorption. The effect of relative azimuth angle on increases with increasing aerosol absorption. For strongly absorbing aerosols, increases with decreasing the height of distribution.

In order to know the absorption characteristics of the orbit-control thruster plume, the solar infrared radiation absorbed by the plume was studied. In body-fitted coordinate, the model of the solar radiation absorbed by the plume was founded by using the finite volume method. At the plume boundary, the spectral luminance of the solar radiation which had been absorbed by the plume is obtained by calculating the model. The spectral luminance of the solar radiation absorbed is compared to the spectral luminance without absorption. The result indicates that when the distance between the plume and the nozzle exit is 0.483 m, the plume absorptance equals to one approximately at the wavenumber of 1700 cm, 2155 cm, 2175 cm, 2375 cm, 3700 cm and 3750 cm. The result is very useful to know the absorption characteristics of the orbit-control thruster plume comprehensively.

Aerosols radiation forcing mostly depended on the imagery of complex refractive index. With interferometric spectrometer and Mie theoretics, the theoretical model of interferometric spectrometer method for aerosols complex refractive index was built up in two conditions: similar radius particles and different radius particles, and the detections limit of complex refractive index is discussed at first glance. It shows that the complex refractive index of aerosols particle measured by interferometric interferometer is feasible and promising.

Due to the effect of turbulence and aerosol in atmosphere, image quality is degraded. According to physical process of degrading, the model of image degrading was built based on atmospheric modulation transfer function () and was used to restore blurred image. Firstly, Approximate atmospheric was estimated using meteorological data when imaging, including turbulence and aerosol. Then an exponent adjusting method of was used to get more accuracy curve. The exponent adjusting factor was determined by iterative method, and the iteration was stopped when average gradient of restored image was the largest. At last, experimental result was given and assessed quantitatively, which showed that restored image was improved obviously in visual effect and quantitative specification.

The means to measure area-averaged flux in the atmospheric surface layer is provided since large aperture scintillometer (LAS) was applied. The measurement technique of water vapor area-averaged flux is an important problem which is not solved so far. The behavior of low frequency range in the scintillation spectrum is probably related to fluctuations of water vapor. The spectra measured by LAS are different from the measurements of Nieveen. Another corner frequency was measured which is related to outer scale of absorb medium, so it is more reasonable. The structure parameter of refractive index imaginary part for the different latent heat flux was calculated by means of simulation theory. Analysis indicates that the low frequency range in the scintillation spectrum is also probably related to absorption and scattering fluctuations of aerosol.

Hyperspectral technology is the base for CO retrieval with high accuracy. With the characteristics of hyperspectral technology and the requirement of accuracy of atmospheric column CO retrieval, after absorption features analysis of atmospheric CO, an absorption band appropriate for research is selected. On the basis of retrieval principle and retrieval method, effects of spectral resolution, terrain height, initial value of CO column and surface albedo on retrieval accuracy are investigated using forward model LBLRTM. The result demonstrates that in the process of CO retrieval thoughtful considerations are desired for sensitive factors above-mentioned so as to improve the accuracy.

Based on discrepancy principle and regularization techniques, a regularizing inversion method is employed for the retrieval of clear-sky land surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), directional-hemispherical reflectance (DHR) and bi-hemispherical reflectance (BHR). The fraction of diffuse skylight is computed by using the 6S radiative transfer code. Therefore, by interpolating between DHR and BHR, the actual instantaneous spectral albedos can be computed. Accordingly, the calculation of shortwave (0.252.5 m) albedos can be implemented by the conversion of narrowband spectral albedos to broadband albedos. Validation of the presented algorithm is implemented with the POLDER-3/PARASOL BRDF data sets. Comparison of results retrieved by the presented algorithm with that by MODIS AMBRALS algorithm indicates that the accuracy of regularizing retrieval algorithm is equivalent to that of the MODIS algorithm.

A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is developed for atmospheric composition monitoring. The design and implement of the data acquisition system is introduced. It achieves equal interval sampling of interferogram based on the HeNe laser feedback and control system and a high precision digitizer. It also develops a data acquisition and processing software. Experiments results indicate that the spectrum resolution can up to 1 cm. The system is suitable for the monitoring of atmospheric multi-component.

Using the atmospheric turbulence simulator used in optical transmission experiments, characteristics of optical transmission are measured. Two methods such as the fluctuation of beam’s arrival angle and the intensity of beam’s scintillation are used to measure the characteristics. Results show that, the range of Fried coherence length is 0.740 cm when the difference in temperature is 1200℃, and the frequency of arrival angle fluctuation spectrum ranges can be up to 100 Hz when the difference in temperature is 200℃. The scintillation intensity frequency is up to 100 Hz, feature speed of turbulence is about 0.1 m/s, and the outer scale is about 20 cm. All the tested performances of turbulence simulator are relatively close to the actual atmospheric turbulence’s performance, and the turbulence intensity also has good stability and controllability. So both of them can satisfy the needs of optical transmission experiments.

The drive, measurement and control techniques of the fine tracking system are studied. The drive, measurement and control circuit are designed. Dynamic and static performance of the drive circuit is tested and calibration experiment of the measurement circuit is performed. The method of Fuzzy-PID controller is studied. The performance of the system is tested while a vibration source is applied to simulate the vibration of object. Results indicate that the system is good at fine tracking.

Based on the colorimetry of temperature measurement, the filter bandwidth of the colorimetry of temperature measurement is discussesd, and the filter bandwidth can greatly affect the measure precision is elicited, the peak transmittance wavelength can’t be simply used to substitute for the whole bandwidth. Then the right algorithm is derived by analyzing the bandwidth, and the algorithm can decrease the measure error is verified by experiment.