The image obtained through atmosphere is degraded due to its absorption, scattering, and turbulence effects of light propagation. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of both turbid and turbulence atmospheric media, which result in image degradation, are analyzed. It is primary to obtain atmospheric MTF accurately for studying image restoration based on MTF, the theories of both atmospheric turbulence MTF and aerosol MTF are systematically generalized and some possible applied ideas are provided.

In order to analyze the effect of urban aerosol to marginal areas, and provide data for measurement of atmospheric parameters in Huadong area, experiments are performed in Hefei and Yuexi successively. The main equipments are aerodynamic paticle sizer spectrometer(APS 3321) and aethalometer(AE 31). The characteristic diameter of aerosol in Hefei testing point is 0.710 μm, and 0.683 μm in Yuexi, and the average size of aerosol follows logarithmic normal distribution. Statistic results of total number concentration of aerosol in Hefei and Yuexi show that the diurnal variation is obvious. The probability is larger than 80% when total number concentration in Hefei appears during 200～800/cm3, and 90% during 100～450 /cm3 in Yuexi. In both areas, Absorption coefficients of aerosol at 450 nm, 550 nm and 700 nm have obvious diurnal variation, and the differences are their magnitude. In Hefei, the magnitude of absorption coefficient is 10-5, but 10-6 in Yuexi.

The sky background brightness is measured with sky background measurement equipment in northwest region. The contour line of all-sky background brightness is given, and the spectrum distributing of the background brightness is analyzed. Then the corresponding brightness is simulated with the MODTRAN software under same weather situations, and the simulated result is analyzed. The result indicates that the background spectrum distribution changes slow relative to the theory, the detection ability can be improved through the narrowband filtering, and the simulated brightness basically agrees with the northwest region measurement data away the sun, and the error decreases with the decrease of zenith angle, but it is different when near the sun.

The data of turbulence profile lidar are analyzed by Zernike modal wavefront reconstruction algorithm and differential image motion monitor. Then, the atmosphere coherence length calculated via these two methods is analyzed. The result shows the precision of atmosphere coherence length obtained by a3 variance of Zernike modal wavefront reconstruction is higher than others.

The greenhouse effect exacerbated by the increase of carbon-containing gases is the important cause of the climate change. On-line CO2 concentration monitoring of terrestrial ecosystem and CO2 flux analyzing are crucial for knowing regional climate and improving environment. The open-path CO2 monitoring system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology was designed and used for CO2 concentration in-situ detection in wheat field at State Experimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu, Chinese Academy of Sciences in April, 2010. The continuing monitoring results show that the variation of CO2 concentration has an obvious diurnal periodicity in cropland mainly influenced by vegetation photosynthesis, and the general characteristic of diurnal variation is that the concentration decreased in the daytime and increased at night. This system detected gas concentration with large range, high sensitivity, short response time, easy calibration without gas sampling. Thus, it’s an effective optical remote-sensing method for CO2 concentration continuing monitoring in cropland.

Measurement of combustion temperature is critical to understand combustion processes, improve combustion efficiency and reduce the production of pollutants. A single diode laser sensor system is established to obtain on-line measurement results of combustion temperature. The measurements are performed in a flat burner based on scanned-wavelength direct absorption spectroscopy by using two adjacent water lines 1397.75 nm and 1397.87 nm. The real-time results are acquired by using a DAQ card with Labview data processing program and the standard uncertainties of temperature are 2.3% at the temperature of 1750 K. The boundary layer of flame impact on the line-of-sight results is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the line-of-sight results is not the path average value, and may affect easily from the nonuniformity of the combustion.

Emission characteristics of laser induced plasma of soil in ambient gas are analyzed. The pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is used as ablation source, a microscope plasma is generated in Ar and air atmosphere, and the emission spectral is recorded. The time evolution of the characteristic spectral lines and background are recorded and analyzed. By measuring the intensities of the characteristic spectral lines with Cr of different concentrations, the calibration lines are obtained in air and Ar atmosphere. The experimental results show that the Ar atmosphere has a marked enhancement effect on the emission characteristics of the laser induced soil plasma, increases the residence time, improves the linear relation between the species concentration and emission spectral intensity, and results in a better LIBS measurement sensitivity.

TracePro is a ray tracing program for designing and analyzing optical and illumination systems. It is the first optics software based on the industry-standard ACIS solid modeling kernel from Spatia. A light collimating system and a Cassegrain collector with spherical mirrors for non-dispersive infrared sensing of vehicle emissions is simulated by TracePro. This system can be used to monitor density of pollutants such as HC, CO and CO2 emitted by vehicles on road of 15 m width. This optical design is analyzed by TracePro and the design is modified according to the analysis report and reference data for subsequential mechanical design, assembling and adjustment can be provided.

Vegetation coverage is a comprehensive quantitative indicator of plant communities’s coverage condition, and an important ecoclimatic parameter. MODIS data is used to compare usual methods of measuring vegetation coverage. Two different models (dimidiate pixel model of the normalized difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index; three-band gradient difference method) are used to extract the vegetation coverage (VC) information of Shenyang in 2007 based on MODIS data. The VC results retrieving from high-resolution data Landsat/TM are used to verify two MODIS methods. The conclusion is that the dimidiate pixel model is an efficient way to extract vegetation fraction information in a large area.

Fine retrieval for atmospheric components needs hyper-spectral data in basic researches. Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is a novel technology for analysis of hyper-spectral combing grating with Fourier transform spectroscopy. The basic concept of SHS and the flow of recovering spectrum from SHS fringes are introduced. Aiming at detection of main greenhouse gases such as CO2 , the application of SHS in atmospheric remote sensing is developed. By the ground-based remote sensing experiment, detective sensitivity of SHS system is analyzed, detective ability of hyper-spectral data for trace components is validated. The experiment results demonstrate that SHS has potential and superiority in atmospheric remote sensing, especially in trace components’s detection.

Theories of CCD and correlated double sampling are introduced, and a data acquisition system based on CPLD and CCD is designed. Driving timing sequences of CCD and AD9844 are produced by CPLD. The output signal of CCD is correlated double sampled by AD9844, then the analog signal is converted to the digital signals. Simultaneity, CPLD stores the data in the exterior RAM. Finally, MPU is used to complete the communication with computer, then the data is transmitted to computer. The system executes high speed data acquisition, data storage and processing. The result indicates that the circuit is characterized by simple framework, low cost and free modification of program. It will be of application value in the field of spectrum analysis.

In order to test function of spectral signal processing module, a spectral data transmission system is implemented by DSP and embedded Ethernet technology, and TMS320LF2407A and CS8900A are used as core chips. The system scheme design is introduced in detail, and the implementation of software and hardware are also described. Spectral signal processing module is tested, and the result shows that the system can transmit spectrum data real-time and reliably, and can be well applied to practice.