On the focal plane of the telescope and detector, relationships between the r.m.s contrast in the solar granulation and pixel scale of the system are analyzed. In different pixel scale the effectiveness of the tracking algorithm is studied. Further more, the related experimental results are given. The results show that as the decreases of the pixel scale and the r.m.s contrast in the solar granulation, the effectiveness of the tracking algorithm gets better.

In order to study the propagation of polarized photons in free-space, the concept “virtual particles” is proposed with the model of multilayered atmosphere. Located at the dividing surface of two atmospheric layers, the “virtual particles” only change the step distance, but not affect the propagating direction or the polarization of photons. On this basis the Mie scattering model of polarized photons in the multilayered atmosphere is established. The Monte Carlo simulation of the propagation of polarized photons in the multilayered atmosphere is made based on the model. The results show that this model can explicitly reveal the changes and their rules of polarization of photons in all kinds of atmospheric propagating processes. Therefore it can provide support for free-space quantum communication and other related studies based on atmospheric propagation of polarized photons.

In the Huaihe River Basin, the estimated rainfall values were consensused from the methods of Z－I relation, average calibration, optimum interpolation, Kalman filter and optimum interpolation and Kalman filter based on the analysis of error, under the supposal that those errors of five estimate values were different in different precipitation pattern. Results of the analysis of the rainfall cases in the early of July 2007 indicate that the method of consensus is useful and the ability of estimation is improved when the value of rainfall is small, but when the rainfall is heavy the result is unsatisfactory.

HCHO is an important ambient pollutant in urban areas. Ground-based multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) was used for the measurement of tropospheric HCHO’s slant column density in summer 2008 in Beijing. The cross section’s dependence to temperature, I0 effect and Ring effect correction are performed in the spectrum analysis. Tropospheric air mass factor (AMF) is calculated using geometrical approximation method. The tropospheric vertical column density (VCD) is converted from slant column density by AMF, and the variation of HCHO in the experiment period is shown. Compared to GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY’s HCHO results, the correlation is evident.

The principle, the method and the experimental system of mid-infrared radiance calibration based on parametric amplification technique were introduced. The equation between different polarization source and its photons per mode was deduced. A high power CW laser stabilized at 532 nm was used to pump a LiNbO3 nonlinear crystal, producing two correlated-photons whose wavelengths were 632.8 nm and 3.34 μm, respectively. The under-calibrated blackbody at 3.34 μm was injected along the direction of the infrared down-converted photons. With the high relativity of the VIS-IR photon pairs, through the measurement of the visible down-converted photons at 632.8 nm, the radiance of the blackbody source at 3.34 μm can be calibrated and 1.53% relative standard uncertainty was reported.

A gonioreflectometer which concentrated on absolute measurement of diffuse reflection standards’ bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) is described. The instrument employs a specially built integrating sphere as a light source and a mechanically simple, radiometrically stable filter trap radiometer as a detector. Analysis of its initial performance in 630 nm shows that the combined standard uncertainty of the measurement is 0.87 % (k=2). The hemispherical reflectance factor is obtained through integration of BRF measurement results, and it is 0.57% higher than the results scaled in National Institute of Metrology (NIM) using integrating sphere method. The difference is within the uncertainty of the two measurements, and it can validate the accuracy of absolute measurement.

A ship detection algorithm based on human vision perception is proposed. The key idea is using designed Gabor filters to simulate human vision perception for dealing with visible images, in order to reduce the negative influence of complex sea surface background and enhance the dark ship target. This algorithm includes several models to realize the separating of land and sea areas, the wiping of the cloud and the reduction of false alarms ratio using color, texture and morphologic characters. Experiment results show that the algorithm can effectively detect the ship targets in the complex sea environment, especially for dark ships, and the missed alarms ratio and false alarms ratio are very low, the ship target detection probability can be as high as 85%, higher than the 51.3% in traditional algorithm.

A diffraction-based opto-electronic system is developed for precise measurement of entrance slit width of solar irradiance radiometer. The system use laser as light source, a NMOS linear array as opto-electronic sensor, a mixed-signal MCU C8051F as host controller, a CPLD as timing generator and on-chip 12-bit ADC. In addition, to achieve high-precision measurement, it uses least-squares method fitting the measured data to extract strip center location. Slit width can be measured within the range from 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm, in the measurement of entrance width of solar irradiance radiometer whose nominal width is 0.1 mm, the total uncertainty is 2.5×10－3 μm.

In order to realize the highly accurate observation of solar irradiance, an automatic sun-tracking system was designed by using solar motion trajectory tracking and four quadrant detector tracking. The working principle of four quadrant detector was analyzed and the uniformity were tested. The deviation of the quadrant detector was measured. The hardware, software and structure design of the system were accomplished. The system using for data acquisition, signal processing and feedback control as C8051F064 was realized. The tracking precision of the system was tested in the laboratory and the results showed that the tracking deviation was less than 0.1°. The system ran successfully in practice. The scheme of system was proved to be stable and highly precise.

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) observation system developed in Dali National Climate Observatory is introduced, and the system failures were analyzed and summarized which occurred since the operation. The analysis method applicable to the partial failure of PBL observation system characteristics is proposed, which can effectively improve the diagnosing efficiency of equipment faults and unusual data, and be good for the integrity of data collection, reliability and accuracy. The method can be used as references for maintenance of PBL observation system.