Principle of measuring refractive index fluctuation in atmospheric optical turbulence by the usage of a carrier modulated fiber optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer is introduced, as well as the signal processing procedure. Experiments show that the noise level of the system C(2,n) variance is about 2.5×10－16. Comparison of the results with that of the traditional micro-thermal anemometer in the real atmosphere shows good agreement in the values and trends, which indicates that the fiber optic turbulence sensing technique is already applicable.

There is water vapor absorption near 940 nm band, so the water vapor abundance can be retrieved on the basis of its functional dependence on the transmission in the 940 nm band. The method for determining water vapor abundance by using sunphotometers is described in detail. The clear-sky data of Hefei from 2005 to 2006 are analyzed. The results show that in Hefei the vertical water vapor abundance in spring and summer is higher than that in autumn and winter. In July and March its daily relative standard deviations are 2.34% and 6.27% respectively, so the water vapor abundance daily variation is small in clear days.

Fitting capabilities of rectangular array and hexagonal array segmented micro deformable mirrors on the basis of micorelectromechanical system technology are analyzed in terms of the characteristics of the mirror shape. The distorted wavefront and micro deformable mirror model are established by ZEMAX, and the simulation analyse on the correction capability of these deformable mirrors are made. The results show that the correction capability of hexagonal array is better than that of rectangular array under the circumstance of the approximate number of sub-aperture.

Micro pulse lidar(MPL) is an ideal tool for large-scale monitoring atmospheric aerosol profile and cloud. MPL's characteristics are introduced and the technology for both of the coaxial and non-coaxial MPL are discussed. Some examples of application are also shown using the MPL-A1 and MPL-T developed by our lab to measure the extinction coefficient profile, the boundary layer, the heihgt of cloud, and the visibility.

A self-aligning technique of mobile lidar optics was developed, which adopted CCD camera and image processing to measure laser beam direction departure from the axis of receiver optics. It used a 2D motorized optical mounts to change the direction of laser beam. The computer presides over monitoring the alignment and adjusting the direction of laser beam. The measurements in testing system in the lab indicate that, the spending time to accomplish self-aligning has not exceed 40 s normally, when the aligning error presets to 40 μrad.

A meteorological parameter and atmospheric turbulence measurement system for the atmospheric boundary layer is described. Tethered aerostat is used as a platform. The system includes four-level microtemperature sensors and temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors. With the wireless sensor network, sensor information can be easily collected and transmitted.

A new kind of portable dust measuring apparatus based on the principle of light scattering in dust is proposed. The apparatus features with mass density directive measurement, online measurement, automotive consecutive sampling, real-time display, small dimension, portability, easiness to construct a local measuring network. The measuring accuracy and precision is as high as the similar equipments imported overseas, with the proof of measuring data.

Parameters of homemade proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry(PTR-MS)for on-line measurements of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) restricted in“Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants”(GB 16297-1996) were optimized and measured. The individual VOCs in pure N2 were measured at E/N=144 Td by PTR-MS and the results show that the main ions are the protonated compound and few fragmentations exist. The sensitivity and limitation of homemade PTR-MS was obtained to 11 VOCs. The efficiency of the catalytical converter in gas inlet was tested. The precision of the PTR-MS was discussed. The results show that the homemade PTR-MS is a simple and effective tool for real time monitoring the VOCs restricted in“Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants”.

Based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS) technology, in situ measurement of O3 and NO2 was carried out in Chaoyang District of Beijing in summer, 2007. Their diurnal variation characteristics are analyzed. O3 showed a strong diurnal variation. Due to photochemical reaction, concentration of O3 is high in day, and the maximum concentration occurs in the afternoon. Its concentration is low at night and the minimum value occurs before sunrise. The contrary trend is observed for NO2. The concentration of NO2 exhibits a diurnal variation with low level during daytime for photochemical reaction and high values during the night for traffic emissions. Measurement results are compared with the DOAS system and traditional point monitoring instruments, and good correlation is showed. Based on the sensitivity analysis, it can be found that O3 production is sensitive to the VOCs.

The study of FY2C time series imageries shows that the hour range of the pixel's brightness temperature(BT)/temperature(the difference of brightness temperature/temperature within one hour, also called as the hourly change of BT/temperature) in time series cloud imageries can be utilized in the cloud detection of nominal imageries, and in identifying clouds that are developing rapidly or located at the boundaries of the moving clouds. Using the data from Chinese ground stations as a standard, the comparative study is carried out. The combined use of time series imageries and the clear background method in cloud detection brings the accuracy of 72.89% and 79.94% in January and June 2007 respectively. Compared with the current operational cloud detection, the detection of low clouds and thin clouds is improved to a certain degree by the use of the high time resolution of stationary satellites. Using the high time resolution of stationary satellites, a new idea for dynamically obtaining thresholds is provided, and can be put into application in further.

Restrained atmospheric infrared background technique is critical to improve the precision of tracking moving target. Aiming at the characteristics of low signal to noise ration, high noise of remote targets, tracking analytical method on the basis of wavelet theory is chosen to detect target in sky for the need of tracking longer distance targets, and the tracking precise reaches 82%. Results show that the method is helpful to improve the tracking precision.

Novel alga classified instrument based on multi-wavelength LED array is small size, low dissipation,and can achieve on-line, rapid, in situ and classified measure of alga in water. According to characteristics of signal and noise, detection circuit is designed. The experiment indicates that detection limits of microcystis aeruginosa, chlorella vulgaris and nitzschia hantzschiana reach 0.4925 μg/l, 1.9351 μg/l and 0.8686 μg/l respectively, and its linear relation exceed 0.99. The parameters meet requirements of alga measurement in the normal water.